A
pene-exclave is a part of the territory of one country that can be approached conveniently — in particular by wheeled traffic — only through the territory of another country. Such areas are enclaves or exclaves
for practical purposes, without meeting the strict definition; hence they are also called functional enclaves or practical enclaves. Between 1920 and 1927, the popular German tourist island
Sylt was accessible only by boat from
Højer, ceded to Denmark in 1920. A direct German route was built in 1927. •
Estonia:
Lutepää is a small village on the Värska-to-Saatse gravel road in southeast and it can only be reached by travelling through
Russia (the one and only road through Lutepää cuts, on either side of the village, through Russia's
Saatse Boot area). •
Finland/
Sweden: The city centre of the Finnish city of
Tornio is a pene-enclave unreachable directly by land from Finnish territory, although connected to the rest of Finland by a pair of bridges. The neighbouring Swedish municipality of
Haparanda has two similar pene-enclaves unreachable directly from Swedish territory. One is an islet crossed by the international border at a golf course on the line between Tornio and Haparanda. •
France: The territorial water of
Canada completely surrounds that of the French territorial collectivity of
St Pierre and Miquelon except for an EEZ corridor 10.5 NM (19.4 km) wide stretching 200 NM (370 km) to the south. This corridor is wholly enclosed within the EEZ of Canada due to the EEZ of
Sable Island to the southeast of Nova Scotia. •
Germany/
Switzerland: • The smaller part of the German city of
Konstanz, which includes the Altstadt (old town), lies to the south of the
Rhine and has no land border with Germany, being otherwise surrounded by Switzerland; it is linked to the rest of
Konstanz, and by extension to the rest of Germany, by a bridge. • The Swiss town of
Stein am Rhein has only a bridge over the Rhine connecting it to the rest of Switzerland, which it does not border on land, and is otherwise surrounded by Germany. •
Guatemala/
Mexico: The changing course of the Río Suchiate has created pene-exclaves on both banks of the river. •
Guyana/
Venezuela: The coastal border runs in a straight, northwest–southeast line next to the beach, producing a pene-exclave of Guyana on
Isla Corocoro 12 miles long and 300 feet wide at its narrowest. •
Hong Kong:
Shenzhen Bay Control Point (
aka Hong Kong Port Area) (0.50 km2, ), Hong Kong's immigration/customs control point that is surrounded by
China (Guangdong province – Nanshan district), is located at the northern terminus of the
Hong Kong–Shenzhen Western Corridor. It is contiguous with the rest of Hong Kong only by the road surface of the motorway (the sea, including the clearance between the sea and the bridge, and the airspace remain under Chinese jurisdiction). The Hong Kong Government must pay rent to the Shenzhen municipal government for the use of the port area, amounting to 6 million per year until 2018, when a deal was reached to slash it to 1,000 starting from 2019. The rental agreement lasts until 30 June 2047. •
Italy: • The
Livigno valley near the Swiss border was at one time accessible only from Switzerland and was exempt from Italian customs, an exemption that continues today even though road access to the rest of Italy has been established. It is therefore excluded from EU VAT area. • The village of
Bagni di Craveggia can only be reached by travelling through the Canton of
Ticino in
Switzerland. The village never became part of Switzerland, as the pastures surrounding it were owned by the people of Vigezzo Valley, rather than the people of the Swiss Onsernone Valley, at the end of which the village is situated. Consequently, the
Swiss franc is commonly used. • On the
San Marino/Italy border, there is Italian land east of the River San Marino that does not join to any other part of 'dry' Italian territory. This area is only a few metres wide, and follows the river's course for around 500 metres, and is close to the Strada del Lavoro. •
Lithuania:
Curonian Spit's northern part in the
Klaipėda District is bounded by
Russia and the
Baltic Sea, but has the common territorial waters of Lithuania. •
Mexico/
United States of America: Shifts in the meandering course of the lower Rio Bravo del Norte (Rio Grande) have created numerous pene-exclaves. Under the
Boundary Treaty of 1970 and earlier treaties, the two nations have maintained the actual course of the river as the
international boundary, but both must approve proposed changes. From 1989 to 2009, there were 128 locations where the river changed course, causing land that had been on one side of the river to then occupy the opposite bank. Until the boundary is officially changed, there are 60 small pene-exclaves of the state of
Texas now lying on the southern side of the river, as well as 68 such pene-exclaves of Mexico on the northern side of the river. The last such exchange (of pre-1989 river cuts) occurred in 2009, after languishing as a proposal for 20 years. •
Malaysia: In the state of
Sarawak on the island of
Borneo, the
Limbang Division is completely cut off from the rest of the state's road network. The
Limbang District in the division is only accessible by road through
Brunei, as it is located between Brunei's main portion and the
Temburong District. The
Lawas District, on the other hand, lies between Temburong and the state of
Sabah. As Sabah and Sarawak have autonomy in immigration affairs, immigration checks are required when travelling into or out of the Limbang Division by road. •
Namibia:
Mpalila Island can only be reached from the rest of the country by travelling through
Botswana. •
Netherlands: Part of the province of Zeeland, namely
Zeelandic Flanders is accessible by land only through the country of
Belgium, although it is accessible by sea from the rest of the province of Zeeland. There is a tunnel, the
Westerscheldetunnel, which also links Zeelandic Flanders to the rest of the province. •
Norway/
Sweden: Properties 79/3 and 79/4 () at Trosterud in
Aurskog-Høland Municipality,
Norway, are only accessible by a road that follows the Norwegian–
Swedish boundary. Some nearby houses in Sweden are only accessible from that road that is connected to a larger road only in Norway. •
Portugal: An area north of
Tourém is cut off from the rest of Portuguese territory by the lake
Encoro de Salas, being surrounded by
Spanish territory. It is accessible by a road bridge, but otherwise does not border the rest of
Portugal. •
Russia: •
Dubki area is bounded by
Estonia and
Lake Peipsi-Pihkva. • The settlement of
Maloje Kulisko is separated from the rest of the country by the
Kuuleski River; the village is otherwise surrounded by
Estonian territory, although as it is a bog island, it is not accessible from Estonia either. •
Vistula Spit's eastern part in the Kaliningrad Area is bounded by Poland and the Baltic Sea, but has the common territorial waters of Russia. •
Senegal: An area of marshy land, approximately south of
Tiong,
Mauritania is owned by Senegal, but is inaccessible from any other part of Senegal. Coastal waters, however, are contiguous. •
Serbia/
Bosnia and Herzegovina: In the vicinity of
Međurečje a salient belonging to
Serbia is connected by a 30-metre-wide, 660-metre-long land corridor. It has road access only by passing through
Bosnia and Herzegovina (43°36'10.3"N 19°15'49.5"E). •
Slovenia: A farmhouse and a few other buildings in the village of
Rigonce on the left bank of the river
Sotla/Sutla can only be reached through
Croatia. •
Spain:
Os de Civís is inaccessible via any other part of Spanish territory, as one has to travel via
Andorra. •
Sweden: The settlements
Naimakka,
Keinovuopio and some few more farms located on the Swedish side of the
Könkämäeno river have road access only on the Finnish side. •
Togo: A territory in the northwestern end of Togo is only accessible through
Burkina Faso. •
Uganda: The extreme tip of
Tanzania's
Kanyiragwa peninsula is a very small pene-exclave of
Uganda on the shore of
Lake Victoria, created by the
parallel of latitude that defines most of the border between Uganda and Tanzania. •
United Kingdom:
Northern Ireland is bounded by
Ireland, the
Irish Sea and the
Atlantic Ocean. •
United States of America/
Canada: • Although Alaska is itself a pene-exclave (road access is primarily via the
Alaska Highway), much of the
Alaska Panhandle consists of mountainous peninsulas; many communities along the coast lack road connection to other parts of Alaska directly, such as the state capital,
Juneau. Three communities are connected by road to Canada with no road to any other point in Alaska:
Haines via the
Haines Highway;
Skagway via the
Klondike Highway; and
Hyder to
Stewart, British Columbia. The distance between Haines and Skagway is about by the
Alaska Marine Highway car ferry but by road through Canada. Hyder is the only point in the U.S. that can be entered legally without reporting for border inspection; while Canada maintains a border post on the road to Stewart, the U.S. border post was closed in the 1970s. Hyder is connected to the rest of Alaska only by a
seaplane service to
Ketchikan, with customs inspection done on arrival in Ketchikan. •
Point Roberts, Washington, is bounded by
British Columbia, Canada, the
Strait of Georgia, and
Boundary Bay. It can be reached from the rest of Washington State only via road through two border crossings. • A slice of land on the edge of
Lake Metigoshe lies in North Dakota's
Roland Township bordering
Winchester, Canada. • A peninsula juts into North Dakota within the
Osthus Lake in
Rolette County, North Dakota, 500 meters south of Gunnville Lake and 700 meters east of Wakopa Creek, in the Wakopa Wildlife Management Area. • The
Northwest Angle – the northernmost part of
Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota, and the northernmost part of the contiguous 48 states – is bounded by Manitoba, Canada and
Lake of the Woods. Access to the rest of Minnesota is only via boat or by a pair of vehicular border crossings. •
Elm Point, Minnesota and two small pieces of uninhabited land just to its west (
Buffalo Bay Point) are also bounded by Manitoba and Lake of the Woods. • The
Alburgh Tongue in
Lake Champlain, location of the town of Alburgh,
Vermont, is bounded by
Quebec, Canada to the north. The community can be reached via road bridges from Vermont or New York. •
Province Point, the small end of a peninsula east of Alburgh, Vermont, is bounded by Quebec and Lake Champlain. •
Estcourt Station, Maine, does not have public road access to the rest of Maine. Instead, Estcourt Station's houses, store and gas station access Rue Frontiere, a street on the Canadian side of the border in
Pohenegamook, Quebec.
Divided islands : •
Argentina/
Chile: •
Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego is a shared island; the eastern section is part of Argentina's
Tierra del Fuego province and the western is part of
Chile. The island is surrounded by the
Beagle Channel, the
Strait of Magellan, and the
Atlantic and
Pacific Oceans. • Isla Dos Hitos in
Lago General Carrera/Lago Buenos Aires is shared. • The border divides an island formed by branches of the
Río Mayer. •
Bahrain/
Saudi Arabia:
Middle East Causeway Embankment No. 4 is an island situated on the
King Fahd Causeway in the
Persian Gulf. On this small hourglass-shaped island is the border between the two nations, each connected to the island by a bridge. The border station was designed as two connected islands, with the west side designated as Saudi Arabian and the east as Bahraini. •
Belarus and
Latvia's international border divides an island in
Lake Rychy; hence, each has a pene-exclave there. •
Belarus/
Lithuania: Sosnovec Island and another nameless island in
Lake Drūkšiai are each divided by the two nations; hence, they are pene-exclaves. •
Bolivia and
Chile share an island formed by the
Río Putani and its branch, Quebrado Coipacoipani. •
Brunei/
Indonesia/
Malaysia:
Borneo's subdivisions include a part of Malaysia (the states of
Sabah and
Sarawak), the nation of Brunei, and a part of Indonesia that are conterminous. •
Canada and
Denmark share
Hans Island in Nunavut and Greenland respectively. •
Djibouti and
Ethiopia each have a pene-exclave on an island off Cape Aleilou in
Lake Abbe. Only the eastern tip of the island belongs to Djibouti. •
Finland and
Norway each have pene-exclaves on two
divided lake islands and one divided river islet on their international border. •
Finland/
Sweden: • The Finnish municipality of
Tornio and the neighbouring Swedish municipality of
Haparanda share an islet crossed by the international border at a golf course on the line between the two. •
Märket is a small 3.3-hectare (8.2-acre) uninhabited island in the Baltic Sea, which has been divided between the two nations since the
Treaty of Fredrikshamn of 1809. The unusual border consists of eight line segments and takes the form of an inverted 'S', with the island's lighthouse connected to the rest of Finland only by a short stretch of land. •
Kataja Island (Inakari in Finnish) is divided into two pene-exclaves, one of each nation. It was formed by the merger of two smaller islands due to post-glacial rebound. •
Finland/
Russia: •
Koiluoto Island, located in the
Gulf of Finland in the
Baltic Sea, is divided by the two nations; hence, it consists of a pene-exclave of each. • The two also divide Vanhasaari/), Jähi, and an island southeast of Peräluoto. • The two nations also each have pene-exclaves on ten
divided islands in lakes on their international border. •
Indonesia/
Malaysia:
Sebatik Island, a satellite island of Borneo, is divided between the two nations. •
Indonesia/
Papua New Guinea: On the island of
New Guinea,
West Papua is surrounded by
Papua New Guinea, the
Arafura Sea and the
Pacific Ocean. •
Indonesia/
Timor-Leste:
Timor island is divided between the two nations. •
Ireland/
United Kingdom: The islet of Pollatawny in Lough Vearty lies on the international border; hence, each nation has a pene-exclave there. •
Lithuania/
Russia: An island in the
Šešupė River is divided between Lithuania and the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. •
North Korea/
South Korea: • A small lake island is divided between North Korea and Songsan-ri,
Paju-si,
Gyeonggi-do,
South Korea at . • A river island at is split between them. •
Norway and
Russia each have pene-exclaves on two
divided islands and one divided islet in two lakes on their international border. •
Norway/
Sweden: On their international border, Norway and Sweden divide 16
lake islands and one river islet into pene-exclaves of each nation. •
Poland and
Germany divide
Usedom Island, in the northern part of the
Szczecin Lagoon. •
St. Martin/
Sint Maarten in the
Caribbean Sea are pene-exclaves of
France and the
Kingdom of the Netherlands, respectively. •
Turkey: • The tripoint junction () of the borders of Turkey, Greece and Bulgaria is on an island in the
Maritsa River known as
Kavak Ada or
Évros Alpha. Thus it contains three pene-exclaves. • Turkey and Greece divide an island in the Maritsa River known as island
Q located at , thus each nation has a pene-exclave there. •
United States of America/
Canada: The two nations share extremely long borders defined by two meridians of longitude and the
49th parallel of north latitude, crossing many lakes and rivers and, in at least 46 locations, dividing many islands. Each
divided island contains a pene-exclave of each nation: • Canada and the U.S. divide an island in the
Columbia River at near the
Waneta border crossing of
Washington and
British Columbia. •
Salt Lake in northeastern
Montana, known as Alkali Lake in
Saskatchewan, contains an island that is crossed by the international border at its southern tip (). When the lake is not dry, the island forms pene-exclaves of each nation. • The two nations also divide two islands on their international border in
Boundary Lake,
North Dakota and
Manitoba. The larger eastern island lies at ; the tiny western island is at . • Each nation has a pene-exclave on the 77-acre Province Island at in
Lake Memphremagog,
Vermont and
Quebec. The small southern tip is on the U.S. side; the remaining 90% of the island is Canadian. • The two nations divide
Pine and Curry Island in
Lake of the Woods on the Minnesota/Ontario border at • In addition to the above, the two nations share a border on approximately 17 other
lake islands (5 are in
Alaska/
Yukon) and approximately 50 other
river islands (37 in Alaska/Yukon, including at least 18 among greatly bifurcated flows). The 13 river islands outside of Alaska and Yukon border the states of Washington, Montana, North Dakota and
Maine (1, 7, 1 and 4, respectively) and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia,
Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec and
New Brunswick (1, 5, 2, 1, 1 and 3, respectively). The 17 lake islands at lower latitudes are shared by the states of Washington, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Vermont and Maine (2, 2, 9, 1, 1, 1 and 1, respectively), and the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick (2, 1, 2, 8, 2, 1 and 1, respectively).
Subnational pene-enclaves/exclaves (inaccessible districts) • In
Australia: • The sparsely-inhabited
Jervis Bay Territory occupies a coastal peninsula. It is not part of the
Australian Capital Territory (ACT), but the laws of the ACT do apply to it. The Jervis Bay Territory is administered by the government of the ACT and thus it is a pene-exclave, accessible only by travel through
New South Wales. • The border between
Victoria and New South Wales runs along the top of the south bank of the
Murray River as far east as the source, thus the entire bank between the source and
South Australian border technically constitutes a pene-enclave of New South Wales, accessible by crossing the river by road only through Victoria. • In
Brazil: • The village of
Paranapiacaba, a district of
Santo André municipality, is only accessible by road through the
Rio Grande da Serra municipality. • In
Canada: • The village of
Atlin, British Columbia, is only accessible by road through the
Yukon Territory. • The village of
Tungsten, Northwest Territories is only accessible by road through the
Yukon. • Similarly, to reach the towns of
Fort McPherson,
Tsiigehtchic and
Inuvik in the
Inuvik Region by road from elsewhere in the
Northwest Territories, it is necessary to drive into Yukon and take the
Dempster Highway. •
Cold Lake, a large C-shaped lake, straddles the border between
Alberta and
Saskatchewan in such a way that a peninsula in Albertan territory can only be reached overland by passing through Saskatchewan's
Meadow Lake Provincial Park. • All
islands in Hudson Bay, including
those within James Bay, and
islands in Ungava Bay and
Hudson Strait, are part of the territory of Nunavut; many of those along the Ontario or Québec coasts are accessible from those provinces over frozen ice at times rather than the rest of the territory. •
North Shore communities in eastern Québec are accessible by road only through Labrador, separated by a gap in
Route 138. • In
China: • Most of
Chongming Island at the mouth of the
Yangtze is administered as
Chongming County of
Shanghai municipality. However, a long swath of the northern side of the island was added to the island in the 1970s from the formerly separate island of
Yonglongsha. It is divided between
Haiyong and
Qilong townships, which are administered as pene-exclaves of
Nantong's
county-level
cities of
Haimen and
Qidong, respectively. Formerly connected only by ferry, they joined the mainland's road network with the completion of the
Chongqi Bridge, although all routes now pass through Shanghai's territory • In
Colombia, the municipality of
Tumaco (
Nariño) has a pene-exclave (
San Juan de la Costa) between the
Pacific Ocean and the municipalities of
Francisco Pizarro and
Mosquera. • In
Croatia: • Slatine on the island of
Čiovo is a pene-enclave of the city of
Split, as it can be reached by road only via three other municipalities (
Solin,
Kaštela and
Trogir). • The north-western part of the municipality of
Tisno is separated from the rest of the municipality by the municipality of
Pirovac. • The villages of
Vlašići and
Smokvica belong to the town of
Pag, but are separated from it by the municipality of
Povljana. • In
Estonia: •
Haapsalu urban municipality is a coastal pene-enclave of
Lääne-Nigula Parish; •
Loksa is a coastal pene-enclave of
Kuusalu Parish; •
Aegna island subdistrict of
Tallinn lies on the coast of
Viimsi Parish, while
Naissaar island of Viimsi Parish lies closer to Tallinn and
Harku Parish. •
Kõinastu islet village of
Saaremaa Parish is accessible both by sea from
Saaremaa island and on land and shallow water from the insular
Muhu Parish; • In
Finland, the
South Karelian municipality of
Taipalsaari is spread across several islands and peninsulas in
Lake Saimaa; many are only accessible by road from its neighbouring municipalities. For example, the village of Merenlahti is located on a small peninsula, and the only way to get there by road is through
Lappeenranta. • In
France, the village of
Montfroc (
Drôme) is a pene-exclave surrounded by
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and the salient of Drôme. • In
Germany, the North Sea islands of
Neuwerk,
Scharhörn and
Nigehörn off the
Lower Saxon coast are pene-exclaves of the federal state of
Hamburg. During low tide, one can reach the
tidal island of Neuwerk on foot or by horse carriages. • In
Hong Kong: • 9 and 11 Anderson Road and Anderson Road Service Reservoir within Sai Kung District of the New Territories are only accessible from On Sau Road which lies within Wong Tai Sin District of New Kowloon, after this part of Anderson Road was demolished in 2014. • Northernmost part of
Chek Lap Kok island, part of the third runway of the
Chek Lap Kok Airport, which has a land border with Islands District while itself being part of
Tuen Mun District, has no direct access overland or by road with the rest of its district. • Southern part of
Hong Kong Disneyland Resort in Penny's Bay, part of
Islands District, is only accessible over land through
Tsuen Wan District. • The southeastern end of the Kai Tak Development Area, itself within
Kowloon City District, is only accessible by road from
Kwun Tong District via Cheung Yip Street, Shing Cheong Road,
Kai Tak Bridge and
Shing Fung Road. •
Ma Wan is part of Tsuen Wan District, but only has land access with the rest of the district through Tsing Yi, which is part of Kwai Tsing District. • The northern part of
Sai Kung Peninsula, known collectively as
Sai Kung North, is a part of
Tai Po District, not
Sai Kung District. There is no direct road link between the two areas. • Southern tip of the west breakwater of the naval base on the southern part of
Stonecutters Island, which crosses the southern edge of Sham Shui Po District into Kwai Tsing District, is only accessible from the rest of Kwai Tsing District by traveling through Sham Shui Po District. •
Tsing Chau Tsai Peninsula, which is located in the northeastern part of
Lantau Island, is not a part of
Islands District, but rather
Tsuen Wan District. • In
Iceland: •
Hafnarfjörður municipality is divided into two sections, on opposite sides of a peninsula. •
Skagabyggð municipality has two noncontiguous pieces with sea access. • The municipality of
Grímsnes- og Grafningshreppur has three sections. Two sections are connected at a
quadripoint, and the third is effectively separate, although administrative boundaries are undetermined. If this section is in fact connected, then the municipality of
Bláskógabyggð would be divided in two (although still connected at the aforementioned quadripoint). • In
India: • The
Union Territory of
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu includes two coastal exclaves in the state of
Gujarat:
Diu Island and
Daman district • In
Tamil Nadu State, the
Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve contains 27 exclaves of the two districts of
Kanyakumari and
Tirunelveli. • In
Indonesia: • The province of
Yogyakarta is a coastal enclave of
Central Java province with access to the
Indian Ocean in the south. • In
North Sumatra, the city of
Medan is a coastal enclave of
Deli Serdang regency with access to the
Strait of Malacca in the north. • In
South Sumatra, the districts of Tanjung Sakti Pumi and Tanjung Sakti Pumu in
Lahat Regency, which lies west of
Pagar Alam City, is only accessible by road to the rest of the regency through Pagar Alam City. • In
East Java, the districts of Kasembon, Ngantang, and Pujon in
Malang Regency, which lies west of
Batu City, is only accessible by road to the rest of the Regency through Batu City. • In
Central Sulawesi, eleven of the sixteen districts of
Donggala Regency are collectively separated from the rest of the regency by the city of
Palu,
Sigi Regency and Palu Bay. • In
South Sulawesi, six districts of
Luwu Regency, namely Walenrang, East Walenrang, West Walenrang, North Walenrang, Lamasi, and East Lamasi, are separated from the rest of the regency by the city of
Palopo. • In
West Nusa Tenggara, two districts of
Bima Regency, namely Tambora, and Sanggar, are separated from the rest of the regency by the
Dompu Regency. • In
Ireland: • The townland of Aughinish in the parish of Oughtmama is a coastal pene-exclave of County Clare, from where it can be accessed by land only by travelling through County Galway. • Sheanbeg is a townland east of
Lismore, County Waterford that can only be accessed by road by passing through
County Cork. Similarly, the adjacent townland of Marshtown in County Cork can only be accessed by passing through
County Waterford. • In
Isle of Man, the
parish of
Rushen is split into two sections by
Port Erin and
Port St. Mary. • In
Italy: • The southern part of the
Province of Venice,
Veneto, can be reached by land only by travelling through the Province of
Padua. • The municipality of
Oliveto Lario on the shore of
Lake Como belongs to the
Province of Lecco,
Lombardy, but can be reached by land only through the
Province of Como. • The village of Santa Margherita on the shore of
Lake Lugano belongs to the municipality of
Valsolda (
Province of Como), but can be reached by land only by travelling through the municipalities of
Claino con Osteno and
Porlezza. • In
Macau: • The campus of the University of Macau is defined to be part of the statutory definition of Taipa and part of Freguesia de Nossa Senhora do Carmo but is only accessible through an undersea tunnel connected to Cotai. • In
Malaysia: •
Cape Rachado is an exclave of
state of
Malacca, which lies on the coast of
Negeri Sembilan. •
Cameron Highlands lies in the state of
Pahang, but for many years the only road access was from
Tapah in the state of
Perak. A second route to
Simpang Pulai in Perak and
Gua Musang in
Kelantan was opened in 2004. It was not until 2010 when the
Malaysia Federal Route 102 was completed, connecting the highlands to the rest of Pahang. • In
Mexico,
Calica and
Xel-Há are two polygons of land belonging to the municipality of
Cozumel in the state of
Quintana Roo which are bounded by the municipalities of
Solidaridad and
Tulum, respectively. Both polygons possess a coastline. • In
Moldova,
Tiraspol, the capital city of the breakaway territory of
Transnistria, lies on the left bank of the
Dniester River but has two pene-exclaves on the right bank inside an oxbow bend, which must be accessed on land through the
Căuşeni district. • In
Montenegro, the southern portion of the municipality of
Herceg Novi can be accessed by land only through the municipalities of
Kotor and
Tivat. • In the
Netherlands, the province of
Overijssel has two pene-exclaves on the
Gelderland bank of the
IJssel river opposite the towns of
Olst and
Wijhe, in which the villages of Marle (northerly), Welsum and Welsumerveld (southerly) are situated. There are cable ferries between Olst and Welsum and between Wijhe and Vorchten in the municipality of
Heerde (there is no direct connection between Marle and the rest of Overijssel). • In
Norway,
Asker Municipality and
Bærum Municipality in
Akershus county are separated from the rest of the county by land that belongs to the counties of
Oslo and
Buskerud and the
Oslofjorden. However, these municipalities border on the bay of
Oslofjord. • In the
Philippines: • In
Soccsksargen,
Sarangani province is divided by
General Santos and
Sarangani Bay. • In
Zamboanga Peninsula: •
Isabela City is part of this region (although it is the capital of the
Bangsamoro province of
Basilan), but it is separated from it by Basilan Strait. •
Zamboanga del Sur –
Zamboanga City, a chartered city, is unofficially part of this province but is separated from it by
Zamboanga Sibugay. • In
Romblon Province, the exclave of the municipality of
Looc is separated by the Looc Bay forming a peninsula with neighboring municipality of
Santa Fe. • In
Portugal,
Vila Real de Santo António is divided into 3
freguesias, with one a few kilometres west of the other two. The "main," eastern part of its territory (where the municipal seat stands and where most of its inhabitants live) is more than three times smaller than the "secondary" part. To go from the eastern part to the western, one must pass through territory belonging to the municipality of
Castro Marim, or go by sea, as all 3
freguesias face the
Atlantic Ocean to the South. • In the
Republic of China (
Taiwan),
Keelung City (part of
Taiwan Province) faces
East China Sea on one side and borders
New Taipei City (a
special municipality not a part of Taiwan Province) on all other sides. • In
Romania, the village of
Nămoloasa (
Galați County) can be accessed only through
Vrancea County (where there is a bridge over the
Siret) because it is separated by the Siret from the rest of Galați county. • In
Russia: • Adjacent to the northwestern boundary of
Moscow, there is a small exclave of the
Krasnogorsk administrative district located at the 65-km mark outside of the 137-km
Moscow Ring Road (
Moskovskaya Koltsevaya Avtomobilnaya Doroga or MKAD), within which the administrative center and regional court are located. This area lacks access to the nearby
Moscow River. • In
Samoa,
A'ana,
Palauli,
Satupa'itea, and
Va'a-o-Fonoti districts each have one exclave, and
Gaga'emauga district has two. All parts of each district have sea access. • In
South Korea: •
Incheon Metropolitan City:
Ganghwa Island is administered by Incheon, but is connected by bridges to
Gyeonggi Province. •
Yeongjong Island, where
Incheon International Airport is located, is administered by Jung-gu, but is connected by bridges to Seo-gu and Yeonsu-gu. (A "gu" is a geo-political subdivision of S. Korea's metropolitan cities). • In
Switzerland: •
Lucerne has two pieces separated from the main territory by
Lake Lucerne; one borders
Schwyz, the other Nidwalden. •
Bern has a municipitality named
La Scheulte that has only a 12-metre border with the rest of the
Canton of Bern, which can be reached only through the
Canton of Jura or through the
Canton of Solothurn. 47°20'01.9"N 7°33'08.2"E •
Nidwalden's district of
Hergiswil is separated by an arm of
Lake Lucerne. • One of the pieces of
Fribourg is a large exclave bounded by Vaud and
Lake Neuchâtel. •
Vaud has one exclave, Avenches, bordered by
Lake Neuchâtel and Fribourg.
Neuchâtel also has one small pene-exclave, Tour romande, on the opposite shore of Lake Neuchâtel, bordering Bern, Fribourg, and Vaud (Avenches exclave). The coast of Lake Neuchâtel is thus separated into eight pieces belonging to four cantons: clockwise from the north they are Neuchâtel (main), Bern (main), Neuchâtel (pene-exclave), Vaud (exclave), Fribourg (main), Vaud (main), Fribourg (exclave), Vaud (main). • Within
Vaud,
Geneva has a pene-exclave on the shoreline on
Lake Geneva. It is one of the two separate parts of the commune of
Céligny. • In
Ukraine,
Kinburn peninsula is administratively a part of
Mykolaiv Oblast but can be reached by land only from
Kherson Oblast, as it is surrounded by sea from the main part of Mykolaiv Oblast. • In the
United Arab Emirates: • The emirate of
Sharjah has three pene-exclaves on the
Gulf of Oman:
Dibba Al-Hisn,
Khor Fakkan and
Kalbā. Kalbā has two separate parts (east and west) connected by a middle zone that is administered jointly with
Fujairah. Al 'Ayn al Ghumūr, Samāḩ and Waḩlah are located in this middle zone. Western Kalbā contains Zārūb, Maskūnah, Falaj, Ḩarrah, Mazārī', Fayyāᶁ, Wādī La'ili, Wādī Muᶁayq, Minazif and Dhabābiḩah. • The emirate of
Fujairah comprises two noncontiguous sections on the Gulf of Oman. The southerly of these two sections itself has two separate parts (north and south) connected by the aforementioned middle zone that is administered jointly with Sharjah. Wādī Umm al Ghāt, Wādī al Qūr and Wādī 'Abd al 'Aram are in the southernmost part. • In the
United Kingdom: •
England: • The village of
Pentreheyling in
Shropshire, near the
Welsh border and south-east of
Montgomery, is disconnected from the rest of
England by road. (see map). • On the English side of the English/Scottish border, the hamlet of
High Cocklaw is not accessible directly from any other part of England except via footpath. •
Newmarket is part of the County of Suffolk, but has only a small strip of land connecting it to the rest of the county and is otherwise entirely surrounded by Cambridgeshire. •
Scotland: There are two parts inaccessible from anywhere else other than by travelling through
England: these are
Edrington Castle and the village of
Cawderstanes, which is accessible to the rest of Scotland by footbridge only. There is also a small area of land adjacent to a weir on the
River Tweed, north of the
B6350 road, due south of
Coldstream and due south west of
Cornhill on Tweed, from where one can reach the rest of Scotland directly only by crossing the weir. •
Wales: • In
Flintshire, on the
Dee estuary, there are several bits of marshland that are separated from other bits of Wales. • There is also a small area of land south of
Wyastone Leys that is inaccessible from any other area of
Wales directly by road, being separated by land and the
River Wye. • Several small uninhabited areas near the hamlet of Part-Y-Seal or Pant-Y-Seal near
Grosmont, Monmouthshire are inaccessible from Wales directly; these include one farm, two river banks and a small island in the
River Monnow. These appear to be due to shifts in the course of the river. • In the
United States of America: • Shifts in the
meandering course of the
lower Mississippi River have created numerous pene-exclaves. • Arkansas has territory at across the Mississippi River on the northwest edge of Tennessee's
Fort Pillow State Park, north of the Corona/Reverie, Tennessee irregularity (see below). • Illinois'
Kaskaskia, Missouri's
Grand Tower Island and other Illinois and Missouri territory on each other's side of the Mississippi River. • The state of
Mississippi controls at least 11 exclaves on the west bank of the Mississippi River in
Louisiana, while Louisiana owns 8 exclaves on Mississippi's side. • Mississippi state also owns 14 exclaves on the bank in
Arkansas, while Arkansas has 15 of its own on Mississippi's side. • In
California: •
Coast Guard Island in the Oakland estuary is part of the city of
Alameda but it is accessible only via a bridge from
Oakland. • The
seaport of
San Pedro is part of the
City of Los Angeles but is connected to the rest of the city only by a narrow strip of land known as the
Harbor Gateway, four
city blocks wide and several miles long. • The City of
San Diego has a significantly large exclave. It includes the communities of
San Ysidro,
Otay Mesa, Palm, and other neighborhoods considered as parts of San Diego. This piece of San Diego is separated from the main portion of San Diego by 7 miles, divided by the cities of
National City and
Chula Vista. Technically, it is connected to the rest of San Diego by a seven-mile-long, two-inch-wide strip of land on the bottom of
San Diego Bay. Hence, it is essentially an exclave, and it is commonly referred to as "South San Diego". • The city of
Coronado, nearly encircled by San Diego Bay, can be reached by land only via a narrow isthmus connected to
Imperial Beach. A bridge also connects it to San Diego. Four other small pene-exclaves occupy the same peninsula. Coastal lands that are north of Wright Ave., at the northern end of First St., part of Coronado Ferry Landing Park, and that surround most of
Naval Air Station North Island (island before 1945) are part of the city of
San Diego and are accessible on land only through the city of Coronado. A large portion of the famous Coronado beach is in the City of San Diego. •
Redwood Shores on the San Francisco Peninsula is part of
Redwood City, but is only connected with the rest of the city by an area of wetland in
San Francisco Bay. It is accessible only via the cities of
San Carlos and
Belmont. •
Devils Postpile National Monument in eastern
Madera County, California, is inaccessible from the remainder of the county due to wilderness areas of the
Sierra Nevada mountain range. It can be reached only via
Mono County near
Mammoth Lakes. • The
General Grant Grove is an isolated, noncontiguous section of
Kings Canyon National Park. •
Delaware – At least two parcels of land on the eastern (New Jersey) side of the
Delaware River belong to the state of Delaware (the bulk of which is west of the river) and not to New Jersey. This is because within the "
Twelve Mile Circle", the entire Delaware River, to the low water mark, is the territory of Delaware and not New Jersey (unlike many other river borders where the border is at some intermediate point in the river itself). As a result, certain areas (including the
Killcohook National Wildlife Refuge and a portion of the
Salem Nuclear Power Plant) on the New Jersey side of the river that have been expanded by adding fill into areas that were historically below the low water mark are considered part of
New Castle County, Delaware, and not
Salem County, New Jersey. Both of these areas are accessible by land only by traveling through New Jersey. •
Kentucky –
Ellis Park Race Course, a
Thoroughbred horse racing track in
Henderson, Kentucky, actually lies to the north of the
Ohio River that forms the border between Kentucky and
Indiana. The border is based on the river's course when Kentucky achieved statehood in 1792; a change in course to the south left the land that would later house Ellis Park cut off from the rest of Kentucky by the river.
A pair of bridges across the Ohio connect the track to the rest of Kentucky. •
Iowa – The town of
Carter Lake, Iowa, occupied a
meander on the left bank of the
Missouri River, until 1877 when flooding caused the river to jump its banks, shortening the main stream. The meander became an
oxbow lake and Carter Lake now found itself on the right bank, attached to
Nebraska. A lengthy court case ensued; the
Supreme Court of the United States finally held that the sudden change in the river's course did not change the original boundary, and Carter Lake was still part of Iowa. (
Nebraska v. Iowa, 143 U.S. 359 (1892)). The Court delayed a final decree to allow Nebraska and Iowa to reach an agreement consistent with its holding, which the states did. (145 U.S. 519 (1892)). All of the roads into Carter Lake run through
Omaha, Nebraska. • For similar geographic reasons several portions of
Nebraska lie east of the
Missouri River, mainly due to flooding and changes in the river's path: •
DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge near Blair, which borders Iowa. A portion of Iowa is also on the Nebraska side in the same area. •
McKissick Island near Peru, which borders Missouri. • A section of land that borders Iowa,
Sloan. • Onawa Materials Yard Wildlife Area and Middle Decatur Bend State Wildlife Management Area near
Onawa, Iowa. •
Louisiana – The island of
Grand Isle is part of
Jefferson Parish but can be reached on land only via a bridge from
Lafourche Parish. • In
Massachusetts: • Acoaxet is a portion of the town of
Westport that borders the Massachusetts–Rhode Island state line on its west,
Buzzards Bay on its south, and the west branch of the
Westport River on its east; it can only be accessed by road from
Little Compton, Rhode Island. • There is a narrow salient of
Fall River that borders the Massachusetts–Rhode Island state line on its west and the west shores of
South Watuppa Pond, Stony Brook and Sawdy Pond on its east; several homes and streets located within this salient can only be accessed by road from
Tiverton, Rhode Island. •
Humarock, legally part of
Scituate, was separated from the rest of the town in the
Blizzard of 1898, in which the mouth of the
North River shifted. The village is only accessible via a bridge that connects it to
Marshfield, but has a peninsular connection to the mainland to the south at the old mouth of the North River, now Rexhame Beach. •
Long Island, situated in
Boston Harbor, is part of the City of
Boston (
Suffolk County) yet remains accessible by road only from
Quincy (
Norfolk County). • The town of
Sandwich is partially separated in its northern portion by the
Cape Cod Canal and is only accessible by road through the neighboring town of
Bourne. • A neighborhood in
Webster that lies on the south shore of
Lake Chaubunagungamaug (or Webster Lake) that is detached from the rest of the town's road network and can only be accessed by roads from neighboring
Thompson, Connecticut. •
Michigan – • The "
Lost Peninsula" in Monroe County, Michigan, can only be reached via
Toledo, Ohio. It is otherwise surrounded by
Maumee Bay in
Lake Erie. (Map) • The
Upper Peninsula is attached by land to
Wisconsin. It is connected to the rest of Michigan via the
Mackinac Bridge on
I-75. •
Missouri – St. Joseph Rosecrans Memorial Airport is separated from St. Joseph and Buchanan County by the
Missouri River. The airport, which lies on the west bank of the river, was once on the east bank along with the remainder of the city and county. Shifts in the course of the river put it on the west bank; part of the former course of the river became Browning Lake, an oxbow lake to the south of the airport. The only land access to the airport from Missouri is via
Kansas Route 238 through Elwood. •
New Hampshire: •
Chatham is only accessible by road through
Maine. • In
Rindge, there is a small peninsula in
Lake Monomonac that is only accessible by road from
Winchendon, Massachusetts. • Similarly, in
Wakefield, a peninsula that juts out into
Great East Lake can only be accessed by road from
Acton, Maine. • In
New Jersey: • In
Ocean County,
Long Beach Township is split into four parts, each with sea access. • Elsewhere in Ocean County,
Ortley Beach and
some other small sections of
Toms River, otherwise inland, are located on Barnegat Peninsula. • In Monmouth County, the
Sandy Hook peninsula is within
Middletown Township, though it is not connected to the rest of the township by land. • The northernmost land in the state, just south of the
Tri-States Monument in
Sussex County's
Montague Township, is the end of the point bar at the
confluence of the
Delaware and
Neversink rivers. It can only be reached by roads that go through
Port Jervis, New York. • In
New York: • The construction in 1895 of the
Harlem River Ship Canal isolated
Marble Hill, a small portion of the northern tip of Manhattan (
New York County). Initially an island, it was later physically connected to the Bronx by the filling of
Spuyten Duyvil Creek. It remains politically part of Manhattan, to which it is connected by the Broadway Bridge. Thus, it is part of the Borough of Manhattan and New York County, but not the island of Manhattan. •
Rockaway Peninsula, part of
Queens, is connected to the rest of New York City only by two causeways across Jamaica Bay, or through
Nassau County. •
Riker's Island, the
jail complex of the
City of New York, is considered to be in the borough of
The Bronx, but is only accessible via the Riker's Island Bridge, which terminates in the Borough of
Queens. • Manhattan's borders often extend to the shorelines of the other boroughs so that, for example, certain piers extending from the
Brooklyn waterfront are part of Manhattan but accessible only from Brooklyn. Manhattan (New York County) claims the entire
East River bed. • A strip of the
Bronx is separated from the rest of the borough by
Pelham Bay Park as a result of a past error in drawing the border. The only residential street in this pene-exclave, Park Drive, is accessible by car only via the town of
Pelham, in
Westchester County. • A small part of the city of
Mount Vernon is cut off from the rest of the city by the
Cross County Parkway. The three streets of Alta Drive, Alta Parkway and Labelle Road can only be accessed by car via the town of
Eastchester. • The geography of the
Catskill Mountains in
upstate New York creates pene-exclaves in two counties.
Halcott, at the southwestern corner of
Greene County, and
Hardenburgh, at the western corner of
Ulster County, have extensive borders with neighboring towns in their respective counties. But those are along mountain ridgelines directly crossed only by hiking trails, or (in Halcott's case) poor-quality unpaved roads, and vehicles traveling to those towns from the rest of the county must take roads through neighboring counties to do so. • The town of Hardenbergh is also an exclave of itself. The only road directly connecting its southern half, along the upper
Beaver Kill, and the northern half along
Dry Brook, now runs through state-owned
Forest Preserve lands and is closed to vehicle traffic. To get between those two halves, cars must travel through neighboring Delaware County. • In
North Carolina: •
Knotts Island in
Currituck County is only accessible by road through Virginia Beach, Virginia via a narrow strip of land from the west. A 45-minute ferry connects the island to the rest of Currituck. • On the north shore of
Lake Gaston lie several small areas connected only by land to Virginia. Most of these have road and bridge connections to North Carolina, but one small area south of
Joyceville, Virginia has road connections only to Virginia. • In
Pennsylvania, the westernmost section of the city of
Allentown is a pene-en(ex)clave connected at a quadripoint with the rest of the city; it is surrounded by
South Whitehall Township. • Also in Pennsylvania,
Pond Eddy, an unincorporated area along the
Delaware River in
Pike County's
Shohola Township, is not connected by road to anywhere else in the town, county, or state. It can only be reached by driving to the
Pond Eddy Bridge via roads in New York. • In
Rhode Island, the city of
Warwick has an exclave called
Potowomut separated from the main body of the city by
Greenwich Bay on the north and the town of
East Greenwich on the west. • Elsewhere in Rhode Island,
Newport County consists of three islands and one mainland portion, connected to
Aquidneck, by a bridge. • In
Tennessee, over a period of about 24 hours on 7 March 1876, the Mississippi River abandoned its former channel that defined the Tennessee-Arkansas border, and established a new channel east of the town of
Reverie, Tennessee. This places Reverie on the Arkansas side, while most of the area of
Tipton County is located east of the Mississippi River, the Tennessee side. The direct distance between Reverie and the county seat,
Covington, Tennessee, is only 18 miles (29 km), but the road trip to Covington requires the driver to cross the Mississippi River at
Memphis, and it is longer than 83 miles (134 km). • In
South Carolina, small parts of
Horry County lie on the north shore of the
Little River or the nearby
Intracoastal Waterway and can only be reached by land connection from neighboring North Carolina. The land is unpopulated and no roads exist in the area. •
Grand Isle County, Vermont, in that state's northwest corner, consists of the Alburgh Tongue (see above) and several islands in
Lake Champlain. It is only connected to the rest of the state via bridges. • In
Virginia: • The
Eastern Shore, comprising
Accomack County and
Northampton County, is located at the southern tip of the
Delmarva Peninsula, conterminous only with
Maryland on its north. It is connected to the rest of Virginia by the
Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. • Several pieces of land along the shores of
Kerr Lake and
Lake Gaston can only be accessed by land from North Carolina. Some areas are undeveloped, but others, especially along the south shore of Kerr Lake, have state highways and settlement. •
Henrico County has a small parcel across the
James River from the contiguous part of the county, completely surrounded by
Chesterfield County and the James River. • In
Washington,
Camano Island is part of
Island County. Although Camano is contiguous with Island County via the
Saratoga Passage, its residents can only drive to the rest of the county via road and bridge by traveling north through
Snohomish County and
Skagit County on State Route 20, or by traveling south through Snohomish County and then to
Clinton via the
Mukilteo-Clinton
ferry on State Route 525. •
West Virginia – A peninsula in
Monongalia County bounded by
Cheat Lake and Rubles Run (), except for a walking trail over a dam, is only accessible by land from
Fayette County, Pennsylvania, more specifically
Springhill Township. •
Wisconsin – The
Mont du Lac resort and the area to its north are accessible only by a section of
Minnesota State Highway 23 that runs through a sliver of
the town of Superior in
Douglas County, in Wisconsin's northwest corner. Several local dead-end roads run off it; there is no way to reach this part of the county or state by vehicle from anywhere else in Wisconsin. •
Washington, D.C. –
Theodore Roosevelt Island in the Potomac River is part of Washington, D.C., but only accessible by a footbridge from Virginia. Although the
Theodore Roosevelt Bridge from Washington to Virginia passes over the island, one cannot exit from the bridge onto the island. • In
Venezuela: eastern part of the state of
Zulia is connected with the rest of the state by a bridge over
Lake Maracaibo, and the northeastern part of the municipality of Sucre in the state of Zulia is separated from the rest of the state by the state of
Mérida.
Divided islands • In
Australia:
Boundary Islet, historically known as North East Islet, is a
Hogan Group islet of less than that straddles the border of the Australian states of
Victoria and
Tasmania. The islet is Tasmania's only land boundary, and at long, it is the shortest land border between any Australian state or territory. • In
Canada: •
Killiniq Island is shared between
Nunavut and the province of
Newfoundland and Labrador. •
Nunavut and the
Northwest Territories (NWT) share four islands that are split by the
110° W meridian:
Borden Island,
Mackenzie King Island,
Melville Island and
Victoria Island. Excluding lake crossings, Melville Island contains three separate land boundaries between Nunavut and NWT due to coastal undulation, while Victoria Island contains six such land boundaries, of which one is on a small island. • In the
People's Republic of China: •
Zhongshan Dao is divided between
Guangdong Province and the
Special Administrative Region and former Portuguese overseas province of
Macau. • Part of
Hengqin Island in
Zhuhai, Guangdong Province is leased to Macau until 2049 to house the new campus of the
University of Macau. The university campus is sealed off from the rest of the island by a fence, and access to the area is provided by an underwater tunnel to Macau. • In
Croatia: •
Pag is divided between
Lika-Senj County and
Zadar County. • In
Indonesia: •
Belitung is divided between
Belitung and
East Belitung regencies. •
Buru is divided between
Buru and
South Buru regencies in
Maluku province. •
Salawati is divided between
Sorong and
Raja Ampat regencies in
West Papua province. • In the
United States: • The
City and County of San Francisco has four pene-enclaves on three islands in
San Francisco Bay, which it shares with neighboring counties: • On
Alameda Island adjoining
Alameda County, artificial fill on the border between the two counties to build the
Naval Air Station Alameda (now decommissioned) created the pene-enclave. This small piece of open space can be reached on land only by passing through
Oakland and
Alameda. • There are two small (5.37
acres) pieces of land on the eastern end of
Angel Island (Quarry Point and the tip of Point Blunt) that belong to San Francisco. The rest (99.3%) of Angel Island lies in the town of
Tiburon, which is in
Marin County. • San Francisco and
Contra Costa County share
Red Rock Island. A
tripoint with Marin County may sometimes be exposed at low tide. •
Bellows Falls, Vermont and
Walpole, New Hampshire share an island in the
Connecticut River. • Rhode Island and Connecticut share
Sandy Point Island in
Little Narragansett Bay. • New Jersey and New York share
Shooter's Island, a bird sanctuary located in the south end of
Newark Bay off the north shore of
Staten Island. (The small portion in New Jersey is further divided between two counties.) • Delaware and Maryland share
Fenwick Island. • Maryland and Virginia share
Smith Island in
Chesapeake Bay, as well as
Assateague Island on the Atlantic coast. • Virginia and North Carolina share
Knotts Island,
Mon Island and
Simon Island, separated from the Atlantic by an intracoastal waterway. • North Carolina and South Carolina share
Bird Island on the Atlantic coast. • Florida and Alabama share
Perdido Key in the Gulf of Mexico. • Alabama and Mississippi share
South Rigolets Island in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as an unnamed coastal island at the mouth of
Bayou Heron. • Minnesota and Wisconsin share
Interstate Island State Wildlife Management Area in
Saint Louis Bay between Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin. • Michigan and Ohio share
Turtle Island in Lake Erie. • At the mouth of the
Columbia River, Oregon and Washington share
Sand Island Dike and
Rice Island. == Historic enclaves/exclaves ==