branch in Barcelona, 7 January 2024 , Sweden, 27 January 2024
Albania On 20 October 2023, a rally was held in
Skanderbeg Square in the capital
Tirana in support of Palestine and the Palestinian people. Protestors condemned Israel's attacks on Palestinians and called for an end to the
Israeli occupation of Palestine and for the implementation of the
two-state solution. In April 2025, a demonstration took place in Tirana against the visit of Albanian Prime Minister
Edi Rama to Israel. In August 2025, some 300 Muslim religious leaders issued an open letter condemning Israeli actions as genocide, called for boycotts of companies involved in the war, solidarity with Palestinians and global action by the Muslim world.
Austria On 13 January 2024, a pro-Palestine march was held in
Vienna as part of the "global day of action". Demonstrators carried Palestinian flags and also banners that read: "Hands off Rafah", "Immediate cease-fire" and "Stop the genocide in Gaza". On 29 June 2024, protests were held in Vienna carrying Palestinian flags and banners and demanding an end to the bombardment of Gaza.
Belgium On 10 December 2023, about 4,000 people in Brussels waved Belgian flags and demonstrated against
antisemitism amid concern over the rising number of antisemitic incidents in Europe from the Gaza war. On 18 December, 27,000 demonstrators marched in Brussels on a national march calling for an immediate and permanent ceasefire in Gaza. On 21 January 2024, protesters in
Brussels demonstrated against the war and called for a permanent ceasefire. Ahead of a foreign ministers meeting in Brussels, a group of 100 prominent people, including former Irish president
Mary Robinson and former Swedish foreign minister
Margot Wallström, called on the EU to prevent the "unprecedented rate of civilian killing" in Gaza. In January 2025, around 7,000 demonstrators marched on the streets in Brussels, calling for a permanent ceasefire in Gaza and sanctions against Israel. Another pro-Palestine demonstration was carried out in Brussels on 7 September, with between 70,000, and 120,000 in attendance.
Bosnia and Herzegovina On 22 October, thousands marched in
Sarajevo in support of Gaza, chanting, "Yesterday
Srebrenica, today Gaza", referring to the
1995 massacre of 8,000 Muslim men and boys. Several thousand people gathered in Sarajevo, waving Palestinian and
Bosnian flags and demanding a halt to the
Israeli offensive into Gaza. On 7 July 2024, demonstrations were held in
Mostar, denouncing the
genocide in Gaza; demonstrators placed a Palestinian flag on the
Stari Most over the
Neretva river.
Bulgaria On 13 October 2023, Bulgarians and Palestinians gathered in front of the
National Palace of Culture in
Sofia to express solidarity with Palestinians, despite the city council banning the protest.
Croatia In April 2024, pro-Palestinian demonstrators staged a protest in front of the German Embassy in
Zagreb over the German government's perceived complicity in
Israel's killing of Palestinians in Gaza.
Cyprus On 15 October, a pro-Palestinian protest was held in
Larnaca. On 19 October, a protest in support of Gaza was held in
Nicosia. On 20 October, another pro-Palestinian protest was organised by the Cyprus Peace Council, attended by 2,000 protestors as well as MPs, mayors, the general secretary of
AKEL and the Palestinian ambassador to Cyprus. On 17 October, a pro-Israel rally was organised by the Israeli community. Protests were held at the UK's
RAF Akrotiri base on 14 and 15 January 2024 after the base was used to launch airstrikes on Yemen. The protesters carried a banner demanding a "Ceasefire" while another read "Stop funding genocide".
Czech Republic On 20 January 2024, between 1,200 and 1,400 people marched through the streets of
Prague in support of Palestine. Another pro-Palestinian protest was held on 23 July, where several protestors blocked the entrance of the Representation of the European Commission in the Czech Republic, demanding a ceasefire in Gaza.
Denmark Protesters marched in support of Gaza in
Copenhagen on 2 February 2024, chanting "Free Palestine" and "Palestine will never die". The protesters called for an end to Israel's military attacks in Gaza. They also described the conflict as a genocide and urged politicians to step up their efforts in aiding the Palestinian populace. On 6 October 2024, people rallied in Copenhagen in solidarity with Palestine and Lebanon during Israel's incursion into Lebanese territory.
Estonia On 5 November 2023, a pro-Palestine demonstration was peacefully held in
Tallinn to express support of Palestine and calling for the Estonian government to condemn Israel's actions.
Finland , Finland, 21 October 2023 On 19 November 2023, an estimated 4,000 people participated in a march in support of the Palestinian people in
Helsinki. The march also called for an end to Israeli military action in Gaza and criticised the Finnish government's agreement to purchase a missile defense system from Israel. In January 2024, 79 Finnish diplomats signed a letter to Foreign Minister
Elina Valtonen, criticising the official response to the Israeli attacks on Gaza. In February 2024, it was reported that participants would gather in
Mannerheimintie in Helsinki to protest, although authorities had not granted permission for any demonstrations.
France In the night preceding 12 October 2023,
police fired tear gas and water cannons to disperse hundreds of pro-Palestinian demonstrators in
Paris The same day, the
Representative Council of French Jewish Institutions organized a pro-Israel rally. After Darmanin's ban on pro-Palestinian demonstrations, French President
Emmanuel Macron, in a televised national address on the same day, urged restraint to France's Muslims and Jews, On 22 October 2023, France held its first authorized pro-Palestine rally, drawing 15,000 participants who chanted: "Gaza, Paris is with you". On 12 November, over 100,000 people protested in response to the recent
rise in antisemitism in Paris. Prime Minister
Élisabeth Borne, the heads of France's upper and lower houses of parliament, former presidents
François Hollande and
Nicolas Sarkozy, and several leading politicians joined the demonstrators. The presence of the far-right
National Rally leader
Marine Le Pen, whose party has a history of antisemitism, caused criticism from some participants such as Borne, who is the daughter of
Holocaust survivors. On 21 January 2024, Paris police stopped and dispersed an automobile parade waving Palestinian flags. On 22 January, MP
Louis Boyard was verbally assaulted and threatened by a pro-Israeli activist. A demonstration of hundreds of protestors occurred in
Marseille in support of Palestine on 18 February. On 25 April 2024, students from
Sorbonne University called on the French government to help Palestinians. On 15, May people gathered around the Sorbonne to commemorate
Nakba Day. On 13 November 2024, violent protests erupted in Paris during a far-right pro-Israel
gala that Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich was scheduled to attend. The protests occurred on the eve of a
UEFA match featuring visiting Israeli team
Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C., less than one week after
riots during and after their last game in Amsterdam caused an international incident. Scuffles and altercations occurred during the match. On 25 May 2025, nearly 4,000 people gathered at the
Place de la République in Paris to show support for the Palestinians. On 6 November 2025, four people were detained for disrupting a concert by the
Israel Philharmonic Orchestra at the
Philharmonie de Paris as part of protest actions against the war.
Germany , 10 October Since October 2023, many pro-Palestine demonstrations were held in Germany. Most of them were peaceful. Some participants voiced support for Hamas or other Islamist organizations, called for the destruction of Israel, or used antisemitic slogans. In
Berlin, authorities banned a pro-Palestinian rally from being held. A number of spontaneous demonstrations protesting the bombing of Gaza took place across the country. Germany banned fundraising for Hamas. On 22 October, a pro-Israel rally was held in Berlin at the
Brandenburg Gate. President
Frank-Walter Steinmeier was present at the demonstration, as well as representatives from the
German-Israeli Society, most mainstream political parties, the Council of the
Protestant Church in Germany, the
German Bishops' Conference, the
Central Council of Jews in Germany, the
Federation of German Industries, the
German Trade Union Confederation and the Israeli ambassador
Ron Prosor. On 24 February 2024, protesters in Berlin carried a sign reading, "Stop the Genocide". In
Neukölln, a neighborhood of Berlin, pro-Palestinian protesters described police crackdowns on protest that were "shocking and violent". In late April, a camp was set up in Berlin in front of the
Bundestag in opposition to arms transfers to Israel. On 25 July, protests were held in Berlin, during which demonstrators recreated a scene from the Israeli bombardment of Gaza. On 30 September, ahead of anniversary demonstrations, several activists were detained in Berlin. On 6 October 2024, people rallied in Berlin in solidarity with Palestine and Lebanon during Israel's incursion. On 15 May 2025, about 1,100 people took part in a pro-Palestine demonstration in
Kreuzberg, Berlin to commemorate the 77th anniversary of the Nakba and to protest against Israel's military operation in Gaza. During the protests, several protesters and police officers were injured in violent confrontations. On 10 September, during a pro-Palestine protest in Berlin's
Mitte district, a member of the
Irish Bloc Berlin was assaulted by German police. The incident was condemned by the Irish
Taoiseach,
Micheál Martin. On 27 September, more than 100,000 people joined a pro-Palestine rally in Berlin to protest against Germany's support for Israel.
Greece , Greece on 5 October 2024 On 12 October 2023, 200 demonstrators gathered at
Syntagma Square in
Athens to show solidarity with Palestine. A day later, 2,000 protestors including Palestinians, members of Muslim communities, left-wing and anarchist groups marched toward
the Israeli embassy. On 25 March 2024, pro-Palestinian protesters blocked a tank during a military parade for
Greece's Independence Day in Athens. On 15 May, a crowd of 2,500 people marched in Athens towards the Israeli embassy in solidarity of Palestine; the protesters later clashed with
police. On 22 July 2025, more 300 people on the island of
Syros protested against the docking of the
MS Crown Iris which is owned by Israeli cruise company,
Mano Maritime. The ship, which was carrying more than 1,600 passengers, was later rerouted to Cyprus due to "safety concerns". On 24 August, hundreds of people joined at a pro-Palestine march at
White Tower Square in
Thessaloniki to protest against Israel's attacks in Gaza.
Hungary In August 2024, a pro-Palestine protest was held in front of the US embassy in
Budapest in light of the International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples. This was the first time that a pro-Palestine protest was allowed to be held in Hungary since October 2023. Hungary has also imposed restrictions on pro-Palestinian protests since 7 October.
Ireland , Ireland, 18 November 2023 Thousands of people marched in cities and towns across Ireland, including
Carlow,
Cork,
Dublin,
Ennis,
Galway and
Limerick in support of Palestine and against Israel's attacks on Gaza and the continuing occupation of Palestine. Residents of
Ballina, the ancestral hometown of US president
Joe Biden, splashed red paint and wrote "
Genocide Joe" over a mural of the president's face.
Italy , Italy, 22 September 2025 Thousands of pro-Palestinian demonstrators marched in
Rome, carrying a large Palestinian flag and chanting slogans in support of Palestine. On 17 November, a long Palestinian flag was hung from the
Leaning Tower of Pisa during a pro-Palestinian protest in the
city. On 27 January 2024, in
Milan, police clashed with pro-Palestinian protesters despite an official ban on protests on
International Holocaust Remembrance Day. On 28 May 2024, a group of pro-Palestine protesters occupied a train station in
Bologna. On 5 June 2024, a 15-meter Palestinian flag was unfurled on top of
Milan Cathedral by former Italian MP
Stefano Apuzzo. On 5 October 2024, a Pro-Palestine protest turned violent when thousands of protestors clashed with
local police resulting in at least 34 people injured. Chants of "Free Palestine", "Criminal Israel" and "Now Intifada" rang out in Piazzale Ostiense during the event. On 7 June 2025, around 300,000 people marched through the streets of Rome to protest against Israel's war in Gaza. On 21 June 2025, over 100,000 people attended a protest in Rome against "war, rearmament, genocide, [and] authoritarianism." In August 2025, thousands of people joined a pro-Palestine protest at the
82nd Venice International Film Festival. On 22 September 2025, a
nationwide strike involving hundreds of thousands of people caused major disruptions across multiple cities.
Latvia A pro-Palestine procession planned on 6 January 2024 by the "For a Free Palestine" movement () was prohibited by the
Riga City Council due to a perceived potential threat to
public safety. On 1 August 2025, a
protest march organized by a private individual against Latvia's foreign policy in support of Israel against Palestine took place from
Dailes Theatre to the square in front of the . At the same time, a
picket "condemning the genocide and violence of
radical Islamists against Jews,
Druze and other
ethnic and
religious minorities in the
Middle East" organized by the association Jewnited.lv took place in front of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. During Israeli President
Isaac Herzog's visit to Latvia on 5 August, a pro-Palestinian rally with approximately 30 participants was held near
Riga Castle protesting against his visit and demanding Israel to stop
military operations in the
Gaza Strip. A simultaneous pro-Israel
counter-protest was organized on the other side of the square.
Lithuania On 29 November 2023, around 100 people gathered in
Vilnius to protest Israel's actions in Gaza, marking the International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People. At the same time, a pro-Israel protest was held to counter the pro-Palestine protesters.
Luxembourg On 13 January 2024, as a part of the "global day of action", protestors gathered in front of the
US embassy in
Luxembourg City to demand an end to the Israeli war in Gaza and a permanent ceasefire.
Malta On 6 October 2024, a pro-Palestine protest was held in
Valletta, marking the one-year anniversary of the war and demanding a ceasefire in Gaza and to 'end Zionist terror' against the Palestinians.
Moldova On 19 October 2023, over 20 protesters gathered in
Chișinău in front of the
Parliament of Moldova, demanding the chamber to condemn the
Gaza genocide and the recognition of an independent Palestinian state.
Netherlands A group of students rallied in
The Hague on 13 October 2023 to show solidarity with Palestine, On 23 October, activists opposed to Israel's actions in Gaza occupied the entrance to the
International Criminal Court in The Hague, demanding action against
Benjamin Netanyahu for alleged war crimes. On 21 December, civil servants demanded a truce. In January 2024, a billboard campaign displayed messages regarding the war, such as "every ten minutes one Palestinian child dies". On 13 January, a protest organised by the
Plant een Olijfboom (Plant an Olive Tree) Foundation was held in
Amsterdam, honoring children killed in Gaza by placing around 10,000 pairs of children's shoes in
Dam Square, each pair representing one Palestinian child killed by Israeli air strikes. On 11 January 2024, hundreds of pro-Israel protesters carrying Dutch and Israeli flags gathered outside the International Court of Justice. Hundreds of Palestinian supporters also gathered to watch the genocide hearings on a large screen less than a hundred metres away from the pro-Israel group. A healthcare workers collective protested against
Gaza's healthcare collapse with five demands: an end to Israel's
bombing of hospitals, an end to the
killing of healthcare workers, the end of arms sales to Israel, the release of
abducted healthcare workers and immediate access to medical supplies. During
Isaac Herzog's visit to the National Holocaust Museum in Amsterdam, protesters at a square nearby chanted "
Never again is now" and "Ceasefire now" and held signs that said "Jews against genocide". On 17 March 2024, people lined up thousands of shoes dedicated to the 13,000 children who died from the war in a public square in
Utrecht. , 8 May 2024 On 8 May 2024, as part of a series of
pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses, police broke up a student protest at the
University of Amsterdam, where protesters had blockaded the university grounds. Protesters were demanding an end to the conflict, with some calling on the university to sever academic ties to Israel. Confrontations were described as violent, but it was unclear whether anyone had been injured or detained. Reuters reported that police struck protesters on the head with batons. On 20 April 2025, more than 10,000 people showed up in a pro-Palestinian demonstration in
Rotterdam to protest against
Israel's actions on Gaza. On 18 May, more than 100,000 people marched through The Hague at the
red line protest while wearing red clothing as an expression to "draw a red line" against Israel's blockade on Gaza and demanded the Dutch government to take more action against Israel. On 15 June, the same initiative was repeated and reached 150,000 protesters. On 29 June, around 18,000 shoes and toys were displayed in
Almere, representing more than 17,400 children that were killed in Gaza. Hundreds of people protested during the
2025 NATO summit in The Hague against Israel's war in the Gaza Strip and the
Twelve-Day War following
US strikes on Iranian nuclear sites. On 5 October 2025, the third red line demonstration was held. With 250,000 participants, this was the largest demonstration in the country in over 20 years. Five activists were arrested. In April 2026, a public installation organised by the Plant an Olive Tree Foundation, in
Dam Square,
Amsterdam, featured rows of children’s shoes to commemorate Palestinian children killed during the Gaza war. The display took place shortly before Holocaust Remembrance Day. The
Combat Antisemitism Movement, a monitoring organisation, criticised it saying "By adopting symbols inseparable from the Nazi genocide, the display recasts the Gaza war through the lens of Jewish extermination".
The Times of Israel wrote that the installation "appropriate Holocaust imagery by using shoes to symbolize the Palestinian victims".
Football riots On 2 November 2024, a pro-Palestinian protester was attacked by
AFC Ajax supporters near
Amsterdam Centraal station. He was one of several pro-Palestinian protesters who had called for a boycott of
Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. and other Israeli teams to match the
boycott of Russian teams. On 7 November 2024,
violence erupted between supporters of Maccabi Tel Aviv, who were in Amsterdam to compete in a
UEFA Europa League game, and locals after the Israeli football team was filmed making
anti-Palestinian and
anti-Arab chants, tearing down Palestinian flags from homes and attacking Moroccan taxi drivers. Benjamin Netanyahu and Israeli commentators said the attacks on Israeli fans were
antisemitic and compared them to a
pogrom. Dutch Prime Minister
Dick Schoof and Amsterdam Mayor
Femke Halsema concurred and issued a three-day ban on protests in the city. The actions of the Maccabi Tel Aviv fans were meanwhile described as "
hooliganism" and racist by the local authorities and the
Palestinian Authority, respectively. On 13 November 2024, video emerged showing police beating pro-Palestinian protesters defying the ongoing city-wide ban. Halsema said the video "looks serious".
North Macedonia On 20 October, citizens of varying ethnicities, such as
Albanian,
Macedonian,
Turkish,
Bosnian and
Romani, held a protest in the
old part of the capital
Skopje to show support and solidarity for the Palestinian people under the slogan "Don't be silent about the massacre". On 9 August 2025, protesters gathered in front of
Parliament in Skopje in solidarity with Palestinians.
Norway On 14 October, thousands of pro-Palestine demonstrators protested outside the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs in
Oslo. On 17 October, about 100 pro-Palestine demonstrators protested outside the Israeli embassy in Oslo shouting "
Allahu akbar". On 15 October, about 500 people attended a pro-Israel demonstration in Oslo arranged by
With Israel for Peace. Among the speakers were politicians such as
Progress Party leader
Sylvi Listhaug. On 4 November, 9,000 people attended a pro-Gaza demonstration appealed by
Socialist Left Party leader
Kirsti Bergstø and
Red Party leader
Marie Sneve Martinussen. On 11 November, up to 5,000 people attended a demonstration walking from the
Storting. The protest was organized in opposition to Norway's role in the conflict. On 12 August 2024, a protest occurred outside
Norges Bank in Oslo. An elderly man was filmed punching a woman protester during the event.
Poland , Poland, 19 May 2024 Hundreds of demonstrators gathered in
Warsaw on 30 October to express their support for the Palestinian population and condemn the Israeli assaults on Gaza. In November 2023, Warsaw mayor
Rafał Trzaskowski banned a pro-Palestinian protest in Warsaw, citing security concerns and
antisemitism. On 23 January 2024, one person protested against the
alleged Israeli genocide of Palestinians at the Israeli embassy in Warsaw.
Portugal , Portugal, 29 October 2023 A pro-Palestine protest was held in
Lisbon. A number of people assembled in Lisbon over the weekend to denounce what they referred to as "the genocide in the Gaza Strip" and to call for an urgent cessation of hostilities. The protest kicked off at the US embassy in Lisbon, located in the Sete Rios district, before proceeding to the Israeli embassy in
Avenidas Novas. The Portuguese Council for Peace and Cooperation (CPPC), the General Confederation of Portuguese Workers – National Trade Union (CGTP-IN), the Movement for the Rights of the Palestinian People and for Peace in the Middle East (MPPM), and the Noise Project – Youth Association jointly organized a protest advocating for "peace in the Middle East."
Romania On 12 October 2023, a pro-Israel rally was organised in
Bucharest by the
Romanian Jewish community and the Israeli Embassy. It was attended by more than 600 people, including Health Minister
Alexandru Rafila, former Defence Minister
Vasile Dîncu and opposition leader
George Simion. ,
Romania being escorted by the police, with banners calling for an end to the genocide (May 2024) On 21 October 2023, a pro-Palestine rally was held in Bucharest and attended by over 1,000 demonstrators, including
Twitch streamer and left-wing activist
Silviu Istrate. A pro-Palestinian rally held in Bucharest on 19 May 2024 was attended by Romanian
Greens/EFA MEP Nicu Ștefănuță. On 20 June 2024, the administration of the
University of Bucharest called the
Gendarmerie to evacuate pro-Palestine protesters occupying its campus. MEP Nicu Ștefănuță compared this event with the invitation of miners by President
Ion Iliescu in 1990, which resulted in the infamous
June 1990 Mineriad. During the 2024 edition of the
Bucharest Pride, some pro-Palestinians shouted "there is no pride in
genocide". On
Good Friday, 18 April 2025, the Romania-Palestine Solidarity Association organized a
candlelight vigil at the
Memorial of Rebirth in the centre of Bucharest to commemorate the victims of the genocide in Gaza.
Russia In late October 2023, an anti-Israel mob stormed
Uytash Airport in
Makhachkala,
Dagestan to prevent the landing of a flight from
Tel Aviv, which the mob alleged contained Jewish refugees from Israel arriving in Dagestan. These rumors were disseminated by a
Telegram channel associated with Russian-Ukrainian politician
Ilya Ponomarev. 20 people were injured, among them nine police officers, of whom two were injured seriously. The passengers on the plane were unharmed. 150 suspects were identified, while 60 were detained. The head of Dagestan,
Sergey Melikov, called the incident a gross violation of the law. Russian president
Vladimir Putin ordered a meeting of his top security officials, while his spokesperson
Dmitry Peskov blamed the unrest on "outside interference". Putin added that any normal person would be outraged by images of "bloodied children" in Gaza, but Russians needed "to keep a clear head". The Israeli government called on Russian authorities to protect Israelis and
Jews in Russia. Over 15,000 protesters gathered in Novi Sad expressing solidarity with Palestine and denouncing Israel, with slogans such as "Freedom for Palestine," "From the river to the sea, Palestine will be free," and "Stop the genocide."
Slovenia , Slovenia, 13 October 2023 On 13 October, pro-Palestinian protests were organised in
Ljubljana. On 9 November, a large crowd gathered in Ljubljana to show their support for Palestinians, while the parliamentary Foreign Policy Committee approved a statement urging for an immediate halt to hostilities, a ceasefire, and the establishment of humanitarian corridors in Gaza.
Spain , 15 October 2023 On 9 October, pro-Palestinian demonstrators gathered in the
Puerta del Sol in
Madrid. On 13 October, protestors rallied at the
Columbus Monument in
Barcelona. On 27 January 2024, an estimated 20,000 marched in support of Palestine in Madrid. At least six cabinet ministers joined a march for a ceasefire in Madrid. On 11 May, about 4,000 people participated in pro-Palestine protests in Madrid. On 19 May, mass demonstrations erupted in
Valencia calling for the end of the war. The demonstration also saw the participation of six ministers from Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez's cabinet. In January 2025, several people held demonstrations against the arrival of the
Maccabi Tel Aviv basketball team in Madrid. On 22 February, around 1,000 people demonstrated in front of the American Embassy in Madrid to protest against the
Gaza genocide and US's plan to take over Gaza. On 14 June, about 25,000 people marched through the streets of Barcelona calling for an end of the
'genocide' in Palestine. During the 11th stage of the
2025 Vuelta a España on 3 September, a group of pro-Palestine protesters tried to enter the racetrack as the
Israel–Premier Tech team passed by in
Bilbao, forcing the organizers to finish the segment prematurely without declaring a winner. The incident also forced Israel–Premier Tech to issue new uniforms to its cyclists that did not carry its name. During the 15th stage on 7 September, another pro-Palestine protester tried to enter a road while carrying a Palestinian flag, causing cyclists
Javier Romo and
Edward Planckaert to crash. Romo subsequently withdrew from the race altogether. On 9 September, the 16th stage was shortened by after pro-Palestine protesters gathered in large numbers near the original finish line. On 14 September, thousands of demonstrators tore down barricades at the final finishing circuit of the race and forced the organized to cancel the competition completely. More than 2,200 police officers were drafted as security. Two protesters were arrested and 22 officers were injured. The
Vuelta a España is the final stage of the
Grand Tour. Over the weekend of 3-5 October 2025, a wave of pro-Palestine demonstrations swept across Spain, with protests held in dozens of cities over the interception of the
Global Sumud Flotilla and calls for a halt to Israel’s assault on Gaza. On 4 October, thousands of people took to the streets of Madrid from
Atocha to
Callao to demand “stop the genocide” and an end to state complicity with the State of Israel. At that time, members of the flotilla were still detained in Israel. According to the Government Delegation, approximately 92,000 people participated, waving Palestinian flags, shouting “Free Palestine” and “Stop the genocide,” and calling for the suspension of arms trade and diplomatic ties with Israel.
Sweden Numerous demonstrations have been held in Sweden since the war began, both pro-Palestinian and pro-Israeli. On 7 October 2023following the attack against Israelthere were pro-Palestinian celebrations in some Swedish cities. In
Malmö, people drove around in cars waving Palestinian flags and shot fireworks. Similar events occurred in
Helsingborg,
Kristianstad and
Växjö. On 7 January 2024, protesters demonstrated against the war outside the US Embassy in
Stockholm. On 28 January, pro-Palestinian protests were held in Helsingborg, Malmö, and
Gothenburg. On 29 February, Swedish MEP
Abir Al-Sahlani used her allotted speaking time during the parliamentary session to stage a silent protest. On 27 April 2024, a protest took place in Sweden with chants of "Free Palestine" and "Boycott Israel". As the host of
Eurovision 2024, Malmö saw demonstrations because of
Israel's participation in the contest. On 9 May, roughly a hundred demonstrators gathered in Malmö for a pro-Israel rally while thousands had demonstrated against Israel's participation. On 11 May, thousands protested Eurovision in Malmö. Swedish climate activist
Greta Thunberg was arrested protesting outside. Israeli singer
Eden Golan was booed by the audience at a rehearsal. A presenter from Norway withdrew after making public allegations of genocide against Israel. Several other performers missed rehearsals, complained about double standards committed by the
European Broadcasting Union and wore costumes and makeup with political messages that were explicitly forbidden by the rules of the contest. On 7 June, police in Stockholm detained 19 pro-Palestinian activists who had barricaded themselves inside a building of the
Royal Institute of Technology while calling for the institution to end collaboration with Israeli universities. In September 2024, Greta Thunberg was arrested while protesting for
Stockholm University to cut its ties with Israel.
Switzerland On 25 November 2023, pro-Palestinian demonstrators gathered in front of the
United Nations Office in
Geneva. On 2 May, hundreds of pro-Palestine students at the
University of Lausanne staged a sit-in at a university facility, chanting "Gaza, UNIL is with you" and "down with Israeli apartheid". , 11 May 2025On 12 May, pro-Palestinian students demonstrated at the
University of Bern, occupying a university building. Israel's participation in the
Eurovision Song Contest 2025 in Switzerland has sparked controversy. The "Turquoise Carpet" event, held on 11 May 2025 in the host city Basel, was targeted by pro-Palestinian protesters against Israel's participation.
Ukraine Many Ukrainians have supported Israel, viewing the
October 7 attacks as similar to the
Russian invasion of Ukraine. Ukraine's ambassador to Israel
Mykhailo Brodskyy described Ukraine as the most pro-Israel country in Europe, and said that rallies and gatherings in support of Israel occurred in the country despite prohibitions on gatherings in Ukraine due to the
Russo-Ukrainian War, such as in
Kyiv,
Lviv,
Odesa,
Kharkiv, and
Dnipro. On 2 November, the
left-wing magazine
Commons published an open letter from "Ukrainian researchers, artists, political and labour activists, members of civil society" expressing solidarity with Palestinians, and condemned Israel's actions in Gaza, Islamophobia and antisemitism. As of 27 December 2023, the letter has 443 signatures. According to Ukrainian researcher, Yuliia Kishchuk, she stated that many Ukrainians have gradually shifted their opinion of Israel's actions in Gaza, with some of them drew parallels with the
Holodomor, which was considered as an act of genocide by Ukraine.
United Kingdom , 21 October 2023 In the weeks during Israel's counterattacks on Gaza, a number of pro-Palestine vigils, rallies and marches were held throughout the UK, with the largest demonstrations held in
London. At least 300,000 protestors attended a pro-Palestinian march on 11 November, which made it one of the largest pro-Palestinian protests in the Western world since 7 October. and trade unions joined the calls for a ceasefire — as did charities, cultural figures and religious leaders. Companies that supply arms to Israel were targeted, along with other companies viewed as supporting Israel, with boycotts, protests and blockades. The official position of both the UK's main political parties, the ruling
Conservatives and the opposition
Labour, were supportive of Israel, although there was dissent from politicians of both parties, which was often met with punishment from party leaders. A number of Labour politicians resigned from their roles or the party entirely in disagreement at the party's position. Protests were directed at politicians, particularly after a majority of Labour MPs abstained on a vote calling for a ceasefire. in
Havant, England, 17 June 2025 On 26 November, 60,000 marched in London to protest against a rise in antisemitic hate crimes from the war, making it the biggest protest against antisemitism since 1936. In January 2024, thousands attended a pro-Israel rally in London to call for the release of all hostages from Gaza. In March 2024, an estimated 400,000 people in London attended the tenth national march for Palestine since the war began. In May 2024, pro-Palestinian marches were staged in Central London to mark the 76th anniversary of the Nakba. On 17 May 2025, approximately 600,000 people marched through London to commemorate the 77th anniversary of the Nakba and calling for the government to 'take action' to stop the atrocities against Palestinians. On 4 June, thousands of people joined a pro-Palestine march outside of the
Parliament of the United Kingdom while wearing red to create a "Red Line for Palestine", demanded that the government impose an arms embargo and sanctions against Israel. protest in London, 6 September 2025 On 20 June 2025, pro-Palestinian activists led by
Palestine Action managed to enter the
Brize Norton Royal Air Force base in
Oxfordshire. They damaged two Voyager aircraft with crowbars and used a repurposed fire extinguisher to spray red paint to the planes and the runway before being detained in the base. On 9 August 2025, hundreds of people gathered in
Parliament Square to protest against the ongoing genocide in Gaza and in opposition to the banning of Palestine Action, the
Metropolitan Police stated on X that they have arrested over 446 people in the square, with campaigners calling it the "largest ever mass arrest at a single protest in the British capital". Five officers were injured during the arrests.
A hunger strike by eight people imprisoned for activity related to Palestine Action began in November 2025, the largest hunger strike in the UK since the
1981 Irish hunger strike. It led to the hospitalisation of several prisoners.
Vatican City On 25 December 2024, protesters waved Palestinian flags in the courtyard of
St. Peter's Basilica where
Pope Francis lamented both the 7 October attack by Hamas and the "appalling harvest of innocent civilians" by Israel and called for a ceasefire during his Christmas Day
homily. ==Middle East==