List of philosophers born in the 20th century

• Elisa Aaltola (born 1976) • Richard Aaron (1901–1987) • Gholamreza Aavani (born 1943) • Nicola Abbagnano (1901–1990) • Ruth Abbey (born 1961) • Bijan Abdolkarimi (born 1963) • Taha Abdurrahman (born 1944) • Masao Abe (1915–2006) • Henry D. Abelove (born 1945) • Raziel Abelson (1921–2017) • Miguel Abensour (1939–2017) • Arash Abizadeh • William Emmanuel Abraham (born 1934) • David Abram (born 1957) • Gerd B. Achenbach (born 1947) • Peter Achinstein (born 1935) • Hans Achterhuis (born 1942) • Felicia Nimue Ackerman (born 1947) • J. L. Ackrill (1921–2007) • H. B. Acton (1908–1974) • Carol J. Adams (born 1951) • James Luther Adams (1901–1994) • Marilyn McCord Adams (1943–2017) • Maynard Adams (1919–2003) • Robert Merrihew Adams (1937–2024) • Peter Adamson (born 1972) • Matthew Adler (born 1962) • Mortimer J. Adler (1902–2001) • Mantas Adomėnas (born 1972) • Theodor Adorno (1903–1969) • Sediq Afghan (born 1958) • Michel Aflaq (1910–1989) • Sylviane Agacinski (born 1945) • Giorgio Agamben (born 1942) • Joseph Agassi (1927–2023) • Khurshid Ahmad (born 1932) • Arif Ahmed • Scott Aikin (born 1971) • Timo Airaksinen (born 1947) • Shabbir Akhtar (1960–2023) • Lilli Alanen (1941–2021) • David Albert (born 1954) • Hans Albert (1921–2023) • Rogers Albritton (1923–2002) • Linda Martín Alcoff (born 1955) • Virgil Aldrich (1903–1998) • Gerda Alexander (1908–1994) • Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov (1912–1999) • Robert Alexy (born 1945) • Keimpe Algra (born 1959) • Lucy Allais • George James Allan (born 1935) • Trevor Allan (born 1955) • Amy Allen • Anita L. Allen (born 1953) • Diogenes Allen (1932–2013) • William B. Allen (born 1944) • Henry E. Allison (1937–2023) • Ferdinand Alquié (1906–1985) • William Alston (1921–2009) • Jimmy Altham (born 1944) • Louis Althusser (1918–1990) • Thomas J. J. Altizer (1927–2018) • Alexander Altmann (1906–1987) • Peter Alward (born 1964) • Alice Ambrose (1906–2001) • Karl Ameriks (born 1947) • Roger T. Ames (born 1947) • Günther Anders (1902–1992) • Alan Ross Anderson (1925–1973) • C. Anthony Anderson (born 1940) • Elizabeth S. Anderson (born 1959) • John Mueller Anderson (1914–1999) • Pamela Sue Anderson (1955–2017) • R. Lanier Anderson • Judith Andre • Kristin Andrews (born 1971) • Antanas Andrijauskas (born 1948) • Irving Anellis (1946–2013) • Ian Angus (born 1949) • Loreta Anilionytė • Julia Annas (born 1946) • G. E. M. Anscombe (1918–2001) • Keith Ansell-Pearson (born 1960) • Dario Antiseri (born 1940) • Maria Rosa Antognazza (born 1964) • John P. Anton (1920–2014) • G. Aldo Antonelli (1962–2015) • Louise Antony • Karl-Otto Apel (1922–2017) • Kwame Anthony Appiah (born 1954) • Richard Appignanesi (born 1940) • Richard E. Aquila (born 1944) • Lennart Åqvist (born 1932) • István Aranyosi (born 1975) • Reza Davari Ardakani (born 1933) • Hannah Arendt (1906–1975) • Türker Armaner (born 1968) • Leslie Armour (1931–2014) • A. H. Armstrong (1909–1997) • David Malet Armstrong (1926–2014) • John Armstrong (born 1966) • Juan Arnau (born 1968) • Richard Arneson • Rudolf Arnheim (1904–2007) • Raymond Aron (1905–1983) • Robert Arp (born 1970) • Nomy Arpaly (born 1973) • Robert Arrington (1938–2015) • Kenneth Arrow (1921–2017) • Zaki al-Arsuzi (1899–1968) • Sergei N. Artemov (born 1951) • John Arthur (1946–2007) • Mariano Artigas (1938–2006) • Adil Asadov (born 1958) • Molefi Kete Asante (born 1942) • Karl Aschenbrenner (1911–1988) • Pandurang Shastri Athavale (1920–2003) • Margaret Atherton (born 1943) • George N. Atiyeh (1923–2008) • Ronald Field Atkinson (1928–2005) • Henri Atlan (born 1931) • Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas (born 1931) • Robin Attfield (born 1931) • Elspeth Attwooll (born 1943) • Gwenaëlle Aubry (born 1971) • Robert Audi (born 1941) • Lene Auestad (born 1973) • John Langshaw Austin (1911–1960) • Randall Auxier (born 1961) • Armen Avanessian (born 1973) • Jeremy Avigad (born 1968) • Anita Avramides (born 1952) • Kostas Axelos (1924–2010) • Francisco J. Ayala (1934–2023) • Alfred Jules Ayer (1910–1989) • Michael R. Ayers (born 1935) • Hiroki Azuma (born 1971) • Joxe Azurmendi (born 1941) • Jody Azzouni (born 1954) == B ==

• Harriet Baber (born 1950) • Babette Babich (born 1956) • Rebeca Baceiredo (born 1979) • Kent Bach (born 1943) • Bronisław Baczko (1924–2016) • Alain Badiou (born 1937) • Julian Baggini (born 1968) • Archie J. Bahm (1907–1996) • Annette Baier (1929–2012) • Kurt Baier (1917–2010) • Moya Bailey • Alan Baker • Gordon Park Baker (1938–2002) • Lynne Rudder Baker (1944–2017) • Albena Bakratcheva (born 1961) • Gopal Balakrishnan (born 1966) • Tom Baldwin (born 1947) • Étienne Balibar (born 1942) • Renford Bambrough (1926–1999) • Hassan al-Banna (1906–1949) • Michael Banner (born 1961) • Yehoshua Bar-Hillel (1915–1975) • Dorit Bar-On (born 1955) • Karen Barad (born 1956) • Amiri Baraka (1934–2014) • José Barata-Moura (born 1948) • Renaud Barbaras (born 1955) • Ian Barbour (1923–2013) • Alejandro Bárcenas • Sidi Mohamed Barkat (born 1948) • Jason Barker (born 1971) • Stephen F. Barker (1927–2019) • Elizabeth Barnes • Hazel Barnes (1915–2008) • Jonathan Barnes (born 1942) • Marcia Baron (born 1955) • William Barrett (1913–1992) • Eduardo Barrio • Phillip Barron • Brian Barry (1936–2009) • Christian Barry • Norman P. Barry (1944–2008) • Roland Barthes (1915–1980) • Lauren Swayne Barthold (born 1965) • Sandra Bartky (1935–2016) • Steven James Bartlett (born 1945) • W. W. Bartley III (1934–1990) • Renate Bartsch (born 1939) • Shadi Bartsch (born 1966) • Jon Barwise (1942–2000) • Jacques Barzun (1907–2012) • David Basinger (born 1947) • Diderik Batens (born 1944) • Gregory Bateson (1904–1980) • David Batstone (born 1958) • Jean Baudrillard (1929–2007) • Nancy Bauer (born 1960) • Zygmunt Bauman (1925–2017) • Charles A. Baylis (1902–1975) • Francoise Baylis (born 1961) • Jc Beall (born 1966) • Monroe Beardsley (1915–1985) • Tom Beauchamp (born 1939) • Jean Beaufret (1907–1982) • Emily Beausoleil • Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986) • Anthony Beavers (born 1963) • William Bechtel (born 1951) • Lewis White Beck (1913–1997) • Gerhold K. Becker (born 1943) • Lawrence C. Becker (1939–2018) • Francis J. Beckwith (born 1960) • Hugo Bedau (1926–2012) • Mark Bedau (born 1950) • Helen Beebee (born 1968) • Hasna Begum (1935–2020) • Ernst Behler (1928–1997) • Werner Beierwaltes (1931–2019) • Frederick C. Beiser (born 1949) • Charles Beitz (born 1949) • Daniel Bell (1919–2011) • John Lane Bell (born 1945) • Shannon Bell (born 1955) • Robert N. Bellah (1927–2013) • Kathryn Sophia Belle (born 1978) • Nuel Belnap (born 1930) • Yemima Ben-Menahem (born 1946) • Aaron Ben-Ze'ev (born 1949) • Paul Benacerraf (born 1931) • Linos Benakis (born 1928) • José Benardete (1928–2016) • Seth Benardete (1930–2001) • David Benatar (born 1966) • Seyla Benhabib (born 1950) • Piers Benn (born 1962) • Jonathan Bennett (born 1930) • Geoffrey Bennington (born 1956) • Alain de Benoist (born 1943) • Bruce Ellis Benson (born 1960) • Sergio Benvenuto (born 1948) • Floris van den Berg (born 1973) • Peter L. Berger (1929–2017) • Frithjof Bergmann (1930–2021) • Gustav Bergmann (1906–1987) • Michael Bergmann (born 1964) • Lars Bergström • Arnold Berleant (born 1932) • Isaiah Berlin (1909–1997) • Marshall Berman (1940–2013) • José Benardete (1928–2016) • Seth Benardete (1930–2001) • Robert Bernasconi (born 1950) • Walter Berns (1919–2015) • Andrew Bernstein (born 1949) • Jay Bernstein (born 1947) • Mark H. Bernstein • Richard J. Bernstein (born 1932) • Marcus Berquist (1934–2010) • Wendell Berry (born 1934) • Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1901–1972) • Peter Anthony Bertocci (1910–1989) • Steven Best (born 1955) • Gábor Betegh (born 1968) • Richard Bett • Mark Bevir (born 1963) • Jean-Yves Béziau (born 1965) • Homi K. Bhabha (born 1949) • Roy Bhaskar (1944–2014) • Nalini Bhushan • Vladimir Bibikhin (1938–2004) • Cristina Bicchieri (born 1950) • Jacques Bidet (born 1935) • Jean Biès (1933–2014) • Simone Bignall • Anat Biletzki (born 1952) • Akeel Bilgrami (born 1950) • Purushottama Bilimoria • Nikola Biller-Andorno • Katalin Bimbó (born 1963) • Harry Binswanger (born 1944) • Alexander Bird (born 1964) • Garrett Birkhoff (1911–1996) • Peg Birmingham • Jeffrey Bishop (born 1967) • Frode Alfson Bjørdal (born 1944) • Max Black (1909–1988) • Simon Blackburn (born 1944) • Russell Blackford (born 1954) • Oliva Blanchette (1929–2021) • Patricia Blanchette • Maurice Blanchot (1907–2003) • Joseph Leon Blau (1909–1986) • David Blitz • Ned Block (born 1942) • Allan Bloom (1930–1992) • Lawrence Blum (born 1943) • Albert Blumberg (1906–1997) • Hans Blumenberg (1920–1996) • Andy Blunden (born 1945) • Norberto Bobbio (1909–2004) • Chris Bobonich (born 1960) • Susanne Bobzien (born 1960) • Jozef Maria Bochenski (1902–1995) • Remo Bodei (1938–2019) • Margaret Boden (born 1936) • James Bogen • Paul Boghossian (born 1957) • Peter Boghossian • David Bohm (1917–1992) • Gernot Böhme (born 1937) • Hilary Bok (born 1959) • Sissela Bok (born 1934) • Alisa Bokulich • Daniel Bonevac • Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945) • Laurence BonJour (born 1943) • Murray Bookchin (1921–2006) • George Boolos (1940–1996) • William James Booth • Susan Bordo • Michael Bordt (born 1960) • Emma Borg • Albert Borgmann (born 1937) • Eugene Borowitz (1924–2016) • Giovanna Borradori • Lisa Bortolotti (born 1974) • David Bostock (1936–2019) • Inga Bostad (born 1963) • Nick Bostrom (born 1973) • George Botterill (born 1949) • Eileen Hunt Botting (born 1971) • Alain de Botton (born 1969) • Tina Fernandes Botts • Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002) • Jacques Bouveresse (1940–2021) • Luc Bovens • David Frederick Bowers (1906–1945) • Andrew Bowie (born 1952) • Bernard Boxill • Jan Boxill (born 1939) • Richard Boyd (1942–2021) • Joseph A. Bracken (born 1930) • Costica Bradatan • Richard Bradley (born 1964) • Michael Brady (born 1965) • Rémi Brague (born 1947) • Rosi Braidotti (born 1954) • David Braine (1940–2017) • Richard-Bevan Braithwaite (1900–1990) • Theodore Brameld (1904–1987) • Myles Brand (1942–2009) • Robert Brandom (born 1950) • Richard B. Brandt (1910–1997) • Eva Brann (born 1929) • Ray Brassier (born 1965) • Michael Bratman (born 1945) • Stephen E. Braude (born 1945) • David Braybrooke (1924–2013) • Geoffrey Brennan (born 1944) • Jason Brennan (born 1979) • Samantha Brennan • Teresa Brennan (1952–2003) • Bill Brewer • Jean Bricmont (born 1952) • Ingo Brigandt • Harry Brighouse • Liam Kofi Bright • David O. Brink (born 1958) • Susan Brison • Luc Brisson (born 1946) • Charles Francis Brittain • Alexander Broadie • Sarah Broadie (1941–2021) • Dan W. Brock (1937–2020) • May Brodbeck (1917–1983) • Berit Brogaard (born 1970) • Johannes Bronkhorst (born 1946) • Stephen Bronner (born 1949) • Thom Brooks (born 1973) • John Broome (born 1947) • Janet Broughton • Harvey Brown (born 1950) • Wendy Brown (born 1955) • Kimberley Brownlee (born 1978) • Bartosz Brożek (born 1977) • Pascal Bruckner (born 1948) • Robert Brumbaugh (1918–1992) • Fernand Brunner (1920–1991) • Brian Bruya (born 1966) • Edwin Bryant (born 1957) • Levi Bryant • Jeffrey Bub (born 1942) • Allen Buchanan (born 1948) • Ian Buchanan (born 1969) • James M. Buchanan (1919–2013) • Gerd Buchdahl (1914–2001) • Justus Buchler (1914–1991) • Henry Bugbee (1915–1999) • Mario Bunge (1919–2020) • Martin Bunzl (born 1948) • Tyler Burge (born 1946) • Ronna Burger (born 1947) • J. Peter Burgess (born 1961) • John P. Burgess (born 1948) • Teresa Blankmeyer Burke • Arthur Burks (1915–2008) • James Burnham (1905–1987) • John Burnheim (1927–2023) • Elizabeth Burns • Myles Burnyeat (1939–2019) • David Burrell (born 1933) • Roderick D. Bush (1945–2013) • Panayot Butchvarov (born 1933) • Judith Butler (born 1956) • Jeremy Butterfield (born 1954) • Victor L. Butterfield (1904–1975) • Stephen Butterfill • Charles Butterworth (born 1938) == C ==

• Amílcar Cabral (1924–1973) • Julio Cabrera • Massimo Cacciari (born 1944) • John Cage (1912–1992) • Cheshire Calhoun • Daniel Callahan (1930–2019) • Joan Callahan (1946–2019) • Agnes Callard (born 1976) • Craig Callender (born 1968) • J. Baird Callicott (born 1941) • Elisabeth Camp • Donald T. Campbell (1916–1996) • John Campbell (born 1956) • Joseph Campbell (1904–1987) • Victoria Camps (born 1941) • Albert Camus (1913–1960) • Georges Canguilhem (1904–1995) • Leslie Cannold • Monique Canto-Sperber (born 1954) • Milič Čapek (1909–1997) • Herman Cappelen (born 1967) • John D. Caputo (born 1940) • Josiah S. Carberry (born 1929) • Claudia Card (1940–2015) • Taylor Carman (born 1965) • Walter Carnielli (born 1952) • Eduardo Carrasco (born 1940) • Peter Carravetta (born 1951) • Peter Carruthers (born 1952) • Arturo Carsetti (born 1940) • Rachel Carson (1907–1964) • Alan Carter (born 1952) • Nancy Cartwright (born 1944) • Richard Cartwright (1925–2010) • Olavo de Carvalho (1947–2022) • Edward S. Casey (born 1939) • Quassim Cassam (born 1961) • Barbara Cassin (born 1947) • Pierre Cassou-Noguès (born 1971) • Hector-Neri Castañeda (1924–1991) • Roberto Castillo (1950–2008) • David Castle (born 1967) • Cornelius Castoriadis (1922–1997) • Jean Cavaillès (1903–1944) • Paola Cavalieri (born 1950) • Stanley Cavell (1926–2018) • Christopher Celenza (born 1967) • Michel de Certeau (1925–1986) • Arindam Chakrabarti • Anjan Chakravartty • Alan Chalmers (born 1939) • David Chalmers (born 1966) • Clare Chambers (born 1976) • Timothy Chambers • Wing-tsit Chan (1901–1994) • Hasok Chang (born 1967) • Ruth Chang • Vere Claiborne Chappell (1930–2019) • David Charles • Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (1918–1993) • Haridas Chaudhuri (1913–1975) • Albert Chernenko (1935–2009) • Harold F. Cherniss (1904–1987) • Mark Cherry • Ronda Chervin (born 1937) • Charles Chihara (1932–2020) • James Childress (born 1940) • Roderick Chisholm (1916–1999) • William Chittick (born 1943) • Kah Kyung Cho (born 1927) • Pema Chödrön (born 1936) • Noam Chomsky (born 1928) • Alonzo Church (1903–1995) • Patricia Churchland (born 1943) • Paul Churchland (born 1942) • C. West Churchman (1913–2004) • Frank Cioffi (1928–2012) • Emil Cioran (1911–1995) • Joanne B. Ciulla (born 1952) • Hélène Cixous (born 1937) • Jean Clam (born 1958) • Andy Clark (born 1957) • Gordon Clark (1902–1985) • Stephen R. L. Clark (born 1945) • Desmond Clarke (1942–2016) • W. Norris Clarke (1915–2008) • Carol Cleland (born 1948) • Justin Clemens (born 1969) • Catherine Clément (born 1939) • Forrest Clingerman (1972–2024) • Paul Cliteur (born 1955) • Sharyn Clough (born 1965) • C. A. J. Coady (born 1936) • John B. Cobb (1925–2024) • David Cockburn (born 1949) • Alan Code (born 1951) • Lorraine Code (born 1937) • Felix S. Cohen (1907–1953) • Gerald Cohen (1941–2009) • Joshua Cohen (born 1951) • L. Jonathan Cohen (1923–2006) • Selma Jeanne Cohen (1920–2005) • Priscilla Cohn (1933–2019) • David R. Cole (born 1967) • Jules Coleman (born 1947) • Lucio Colletti (1924–2001) • Patricia Hill Collins (born 1948) • Robin Collins • Mark Colyvan • John Joseph Compton (1928–2014) • André Comte-Sponville (born 1952) • Marcel Conche (born 1922) • James H. Cone (1938–2018) • Deborah Cook (1954–2020) • Joyce Mitchell Cook (1933–2014) • Ursula Coope (born 1969) • David E. Cooper (born 1942) • John M. Cooper (born 1939) • Rachel Cooper (born 1974) • Jack Copeland (born 1950) • Brian Copenhaver (born 1942) • Irving Copi (1917–2002) • Joan Copjec • Frederick Copleston (1907–1994) • Henry Corbin (1903–1978) • John Corcoran (1937–2021) • Viola Cordova (1937–2002) • Carla Cordua (born 1925) • David Corfield • Drucilla Cornell (born 1950) • Newton da Costa (born 1929) • John Cottingham (born 1943) • William Craig (1918–2016) • William Lane Craig (born 1949) • Tim Crane (born 1962) • Alice Crary (born 1967) • Robert P. Crease (born 1953) • Richard Creath (born 1947) • Max Cresswell (born 1939) • Roger Crisp (born 1961) • Simon Critchley (born 1960) • Helena Cronin (born 1942) • Robert Craigie Cross (1911–2000) • Richard Crossman (1907–1974) • Antonio Cua (1932–2007) • Ann Cudd • Garrett Cullity • Robert Denoon Cumming (1916–2004) • Chris Cuomo • Don Cupitt (born 1934) • Tommy J. Curry • Jean Curthoys (born 1947) • James T. Cushing (1937–2002) == D ==

• François Dagognet (1924–2015) • Robert Dahl (1915–2014) • Daniel O. Dahlstrom (born 1948) • Mary Daly (1928–2010) • Jonathan Dancy (born 1946) • Norm Daniels (born 1942) • Arthur Danto (1924–2013) • Lindley Darden (born 1945) • Stephen Darwall (born 1946) • Arnold Davidson (born 1955) • Donald Davidson (1917–2003) • Brian Davies (born 1951) • Martin Davies (born 1950) • Stephen Davies • Angela Davis (born 1944) • Diane Davis (born 1963) • Michael Davis (born 1943) • Guy Debord (1931–1994) • Vianney Décarie (1917–2009) • Mario De Caro (born 1963) • Helen De Cruz (born 1978) • John Deely (1942–2017) • Maximilian de Gaynesford (born 1968) • Richard T. De George (born 1933) • John J. DeGioia (born 1957) • David DeGrazia (born 1962) • Charles De Koninck (1906–1965) • Manuel DeLanda (born 1952) • Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995) • Bernard Delfgaauw (1912–1993) • Paul de Man (1919–1983) • Lara Denis (born 1969) • Daniel Dennett (1942–2024) • Douglas Den Uyl (born 1950) • Keith DeRose (born 1962) • Jacques Derrida (1930–2004) • Giorgio de Santillana (1902–1974) • Peggy DesAutels • Vincent Descombes (born 1943) • Ronald de Sousa (born 1940) • Michael Detlefsen (1948–2019) • Eliot Deutsch (1931–2020) • Karl Deutsch (1912–1992) • Penelope Deutscher • Philippe Devaux (1902–1979) • Michael Devitt (born 1938) • Hent de Vries (born 1958) • L. Harold DeWolf (1905–1986) • Meena Dhanda • Cora Diamond (born 1937) • Donna Dickenson (born 1946) • George Dickie (1926–2020) • Michael R. Dietrich (born 1963) • Susan Ann Dimock • Zoran Đinđić (1952–2003) • Rosalyn Diprose • Do-ol (born 1948) • Daniel Dombrowski (born 1953) • Alan Donagan (1925–1991) • Sue Donaldson (born 1962) • Keith Donnellan (1931–2015) • Josephine Donovan (born 1941) • Mark Dooley (born 1970) • Jude Patrick Dougherty (1930–2021) • James Doull (1918-2001) • Igor Douven • Bradley Dowden (born 1942) • Lisa Downing (born 1974) • Paul Draper (born 1957) • William Herbert Dray (1921–2009) • Burton Dreben (1927–1999) • Fred Dretske (1932–2013) • James Drever (1910–1991) • Hubert Dreyfus (1929–2017) • Julia Driver • Shadia Drury (born 1950) • Dominique Dubarle (1907–1987) • Aleksandr Dugin (born 1962) • Michael Dummett (1925–2011) • Fernand Dumont (1927–1997) • Raya Dunayevskaya (1910–1987) • Jon Michael Dunn (1941–2021) • John Dupré (born 1952) • Louis Dupré (born 1925) • Denis Dutton (1944–2010) • Divya Dwivedi • Gerald Dworkin (born 1937) • Ronald Dworkin (1931–2013) • Davor Džalto (born 1980) • Miroslaw Dzielski (1941–1989) == E ==

• William A. Earle (1919–1988) • John Earman (born 1942) • Kenny Easwaran • John Eccles (1903–1997) • Umberto Eco (1932–2016) • Abraham Edel (1908–2007) • Gerald Edelman (1929–2014) • Dorothy Edgington (born 1941) • James M. Edie (1927–1998) • Lez Edmond • David Edmonds (born 1964) • Paul Edwards (1923–2004) • Frances Egan • Margaret Elizabeth Egan (1905–1959) • Carolyn Eisele (1902–2000) • Alexandra Elbakyan (born 1988) • Mircea Eliade (1907–1986) • Ignacio Ellacuría (1930–1989) • Carl Elliott (born 1961) • Deni Elliott • Brian David Ellis (1929–2025) • Jacques Ellul (1912–1994) • Jean Bethke Elshtain (1941–2013) • Jon Elster (born 1940) • Charles R. Embry • Dorothy Emmet (1904–2000) • Pascal Engel (born 1954) • David Enoch • Erik Erikson (1902–1994) • John Etchemendy (born 1952) • Amitai Etzioni (born 1929) • Jin Eun-young (born 1970) • C. Stephen Evans (born 1948) • Gareth Evans (1946–1980) • Stanley Eveling (1925–2008) • Nir Eyal (born 1970) • Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze (1963–2007) == F ==

• Cécile Fabre (born 1971) • Emil Fackenheim (1916–2003) • Anne Fagot-Largeault (born 1938) • Frantz Fanon (1925–1961) • Delia Graff Fara (1969–2017) • Marvin Farber (1901–1980) • Catia Faria (born 1980) • Austin Marsden Farrer (1904–1968) • James E. Faulconer (born 1947) • Joanne Faulkner (born 1972) • Keith W. Faulkner • Silvia Federici (born 1942) • Andrew Feenberg (born 1943) • Solomon Feferman (1928–2016) • Carla Fehr • Herbert Feigl (1902–1988) • Joel Feinberg (1926–2004) • Fred Feldman (born 1941) • Ann Ferguson (born 1938) • Maurizio Ferraris (born 1956) • José Ferrater Mora (1912–1991) • Frederick Ferré (1933–2013) • Luc Ferry (born 1951) • Paul Feyerabend (1924–1994) • Hartry Field (born 1946) • James Fieser • Carrie Figdor • J. N. Findlay (1903–1987) • Arthur Fine (born 1937) • Gail Fine • Kit Fine (born 1946) • Martha Albertson Fineman (born 1943) • Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985) • Herbert Fingarette (1921–2018) • Eugen Fink (1905–1975) • John Finnis (born 1940) • Lawrence Finsen • Susan Finsen • Roderick Firth (1917–1987) • John Martin Fischer (born 1952) • Frederic Fitch (1908–1987) • Branden Fitelson (born 1969) • Owen Flanagan (born 1940) • Kurt Flasch (born 1930) • Richard E. Flathman (1934–2015) • Joseph Fletcher (1905–1991) • Antony Flew (1923–2010) • Katrin Flikschuh • Luciano Floridi (born 1964) • Elizabeth Flower (1914–1995) • Juliet Floyd • Vilém Flusser (1920–1991) • James R. Flynn (1934–2020) • Thomas R. Flynn (born 1936) • Jerry Fodor (1935–2017) • Robert Fogelin (1932–2016) • Dagfinn Føllesdal (born 1932) • William Fontaine (1909–1968) • Élisabeth de Fontenay (born 1934) • Philippa Foot (1920–2010) • Graeme R. Forbes • Peter Forrest (born 1948) • John Forrester (1949–2015) • Rainer Forst (born 1964) • Michel Foucault (1926–1984) • Bas van Fraassen (born 1941) • Carlos Fraenkel (born 1971) • Gary L. Francione (born 1954) • Leslie Francis • Manfred Frank (born 1945) • Charles Frankel (1917–1979) • William K. Frankena (1908–1994) • Nancy Frankenberry (born 1947) • Harry Frankfurt (born 1929) • Keith Frankish • Viktor Frankl (1905–1997) • James Franklin (born 1953) • Oliver Shewell Franks (1905–1992) • Nancy Fraser (born 1947) • Michael Frede (1940–2007) • Hans Wilhelm Frei (1922–1988) • Paulo Freire • Anne Fremantle (1909–2002) • Peter A. French (born 1942) • Raymond Frey (1941–2012) • Miranda Fricker (born 1966) • Marilyn Friedman (born 1945) • Michael Friedman (born 1947) • Milton Friedman (1912–2006) • Roman Frigg (born 1972) • Robert Frodeman • Erich Fromm (1900–1980) • Risieri Frondizi (1910–1983) • Marilyn Frye (born 1941) • Northrop Frye (1912–1991) • Lon L. Fuller (1902–1978) • Christopher Fynsk (born 1952) == G ==

• Dov Gabbay (born 1945) • Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900–2002) • Raimond Gaita (born 1946) • John Kenneth Galbraith (1908–2006) • Peter Galison (born 1955) • Shaun Gallagher (born 1948) • W. B. Gallie (1912–1998) • Jonardon Ganeri • Pieranna Garavaso • Daniel Garber (born 1949) • Patrick Gardiner (1922–1997) • John Gardner (1965–2019) • Jay L. Garfield (born 1955) • Ann Garry • Richard Gaskin (born 1960) • William H. Gass (1924–2017) • Moira Gatens (born 1954) • Christopher Gauker • Stephen Gaukroger (born 1950) • Gerald Gaus (1952–2020) • David Gauthier (born 1932) • Peter Geach (1916–2013) • Clifford Geertz (1926–2006) • Arnold Gehlen (1904–1976) • Ernest Gellner (1925–1995) • Ken Gemes • Tamar Gendler (born 1965) • Eugene Gendlin (1926–2017) • Gerhard Gentzen (1909–1945) • Alexander George • Robert P. George (born 1955) • Volker Gerhardt (born 1944) • Lloyd P. Gerson (born 1948) • Bernard Gert (1934–2011) • Edmund Gettier (1927–2021) • Raymond Geuss (born 1946) • Alan Gewirth (1912–2004) • Rashid al-Ghannushi (born 1941) • Michael Ghiselin (born 1939) • Allan Gibbard (born 1942) • James J. Gibson (1904–1979) • Roger Gibson (1944–2015) • Margaret Gilbert (born 1942) • Langdon Gilkey (1919–2004) • Mary Louise Gill • Michael Allen Gillespie (born 1951) • Donald A. Gillies (born 1944) • Carol Gilligan (born 1936) • Neil Gillman (1933–2017) • Carl Ginet (born 1932) • Hannah Ginsborg • René Girard (1923–2015) • Valéry Giroux (born 1974) • Kristin Gjesdal • Michael Glanzberg • Ernst von Glasersfeld (1917–2010) • Simon Glendinning (born 1964) • Hans-Johann Glock (born 1960) • Jonathan Glover (born 1941) • Clark Glymour (born 1942) • Paul Gochet (1932–2011) • Kurt Gödel (1906–1978) • Peter Godfrey-Smith (born 1965) • Lydia Goehr (born 1960) • Philip Goff • Erving Goffman (1922–1982) • Warren Goldfarb (born 1949) • Peter Goldie (1946–2011) • Alvin Goldman (born 1938) • Lucien Goldmann (1913–1970) • Victor Goldschmidt (1914–1981) • Bernard R. Goldstein (born 1938) • Rebecca Goldstein (born 1950) • Dan Goldstick • Cornelius Golightly (1917–1976) • Jacob Golomb • Nicolás Gómez Dávila (1913–1994) • Alfonso Gómez-Lobo (1940–2011) • Ana Marta González (born 1969) • Robert E. Goodin (born 1950) • Robert Gooding-Williams (born 1953) • Nelson Goodman (1906–1998) • Paul Goodman (1911–1972) • Alison Gopnik (born 1955) • Lewis Gordon (born 1962) • André Gorz (1923–2007) • Paul Gottfried (born 1941) • Allan Gotthelf (1942–2013) • Anthony Gottlieb (born 1956) • T. A. Goudge (1910–1999) • Alvin Gouldner (1920–1980) • Trudy Govier (born 1944) • Jorge J. E. Gracia (1942–2021) • James Allen Graff (1937–2005) • L. Gordon Graham (born 1949) • Gérard Granel (1930–2000) • Gilles-Gaston Granger (1920–2016) • George Grant (1918–1988) • Ivor Grattan-Guinness (1941–2014) • Jesse Glenn Gray (1913–1977) • John Gray (born 1948) • A. C. Grayling (born 1949) • Hilary Greaves (born 1978) • John Greco • Celia Green (born 1935) • Karen Green • Leslie Green (born 1956) • Clement Greenberg (1909–1994) • Maxine Greene (1917–2014) • Patricia Greenspan • Mary J. Gregor (1928–1994) • Marjorie Grene (1910–2009) • Herbert Paul Grice (1913–1988) • David Ray Griffin (born 1939) • James Griffin (1933–2019) • Allen Phillips Griffiths (1927–2014) • Paul E. Griffiths (born 1962) • Patrick Grim • Germain Grisez (1929–2018) • Jeroen Groenendijk (born 1949) • Elizabeth Grosz (born 1952) • Lori Gruen • Adolf Grünbaum (1923–2018) • Cynthia M. Grund (born 1956) • Félix Guattari (1930–1992) • Lisa Guenther • María José Guerra Palmero (born 1962) • Charles Guignon (1944–2020) • Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht (born 1948) • Gotthard Günther (1900–1984) • Anil Gupta (born 1949) • Aron Gurwitsch (1901–1973) • David P. Gushee • W. K. C. Guthrie (1906–1981) • Samuel Guttenplan (born 1944) • Gary Gutting (1942–2019) • Paul Guyer (born 1948) • Abimael Guzmán (1934–2021) • Kwame Gyekye (1939–2019) == H ==

• Susan Haack (born 1945) • Jürgen Habermas (1929–2026) • Peter Hacker (born 1939) • Ian Hacking (born 1936) • John Hadley (born 1966) • Ilsetraut Hadot (born 1928) • Pierre Hadot (1922–2010) • Ruth Hagengruber • Simon Hailwood • Volker Halbach (born 1965) • John Haldane (born 1954) • Bob Hale (1945–2017) • Edward J. Hall • Everett Hall (1901–1960) • Manly Palmer Hall (1901–1990) • Philip Hallie (1922–1994) • Joseph Halpern (born 1953) • Clive Hamilton (born 1953) • Stuart Hampshire (1914–2004) • Jean Elizabeth Hampton (1954–1996) • Byung-Chul Han (born 1959) • Gila Hanna • Alastair Hannay (born 1932) • Norwood Russell Hanson (1922–1967) • Sven Ove Hansson (born 1951) • Donna Haraway (born 1944) • Garrett Hardin (1915–2003) • Russell Hardin (1940–2017) • Sandra Harding (born 1935) • Michael Hardt (born 1960) • John E. Hare (born 1949) • R. M. Hare (1919–2002) • Elizabeth Harman • Gilbert Harman (1938–2021) • Graham Harman (born 1968) • Rom Harré (1927–2019) • Karsten Harries (born 1937) • Michael Harrington (1928–1989) • Errol Harris (1908–2009) • John Harris (born 1945) • Leonard Harris • Sam Harris (born 1967) • Tristan Harris (born 1984) • Zellig Harris (1909–1992) • John Harsanyi (1920–2000) • H. L. A. Hart (1907–1992) • David Bentley Hart (born 1965) • Verity Harte • David Hartman (1931–2013) • Robert S. Hartman (1910–1973) • Stephan Hartmann (born 1968) • Nancy Hartsock (1943–2015) • Van A. Harvey (1923–2021) • Sally Haslanger • Gary Hatfield • Stanley Hauerwas (born 1940) • John Haugeland (1945–2010) • Daniel M. Hausman (born 1947) • David Hawkins (1913–2002) • Katherine Hawley (1971–2021) • John Hawthorne (born 1964) • Matti Häyry (born 1956) • Jane Heal (born 1946) • Donald O. Hebb (1904–1985) • Jennifer Michael Hecht (born 1965) • Patrick Aidan Heelan (1926–2015) • Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) • John Heil (born 1943) • Klaus Heinrich (1927–2020) • Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976) • Virginia Held (born 1929) • Ágnes Heller (1929–2019) • Erich Heller (1911–1990) • Michał Heller (born 1936) • Futa Helu (1934–2010) • Carl Gustav Hempel (1905–1997) • Leon Henkin (1921–2006) • Robert J. Henle (1909–2000) • Dieter Henrich (1927–2022) • Michel Henry (1922–2002) • Will Herberg (1901–1977) • Barbara Herman (born 1945) • Jeanne Hersch (1910–2000) • Abraham Joshua Heschel (1907–1972) • Mary Hesse (1924–2016) • John Hick (1922–2012) • Stephen Hicks (born 1960) • Pamela Hieronymi • Alice von Hildebrand (born 1923) • Christopher S. Hill (born 1942) • Claire Ortiz Hill (born 1951) • Alison Hills • Jaakko Hintikka (1929–2015) • Christopher Hitchens (1949–2011) • Sarah Hoagland (born 1945) • Angie Hobbs (born 1961) • Richard Hocking (1906–2001) • Eric Hoffer (1902–1983) • Albert Hofstadter (1910–1989) • Martin Hollis (1938–1998) • Richard Holton • Ted Honderich (born 1933) • Axel Honneth (born 1949) • Sidney Hook (1902–1989) • Brad Hooker (born 1957) • bell hooks (1952–2021) • Jennifer Hornsby (born 1951) • Tamara Horowitz (1950–2000) • Oscar Horta (born 1974) • Paul Horwich (born 1947) • John Hospers (1918–2011) • Paulin J. Hountondji (born 1942) • George Hourani (1913–1984) • Colin Howson (1945–2020) • Hsu Fu-kuan (1903–1982) • Michael Huemer (born 1969) • Fiona Hughes • George Edward Hughes (1918–1994) • David Hull (1935–2010) • Paul Humphreys • Thomas Hurka (born 1952) • Susan Hurley (1954–2007) • Rosalind Hursthouse (born 1943) • Douglas Husak (born 1948) • Robert Maynard Hutchins (1899–1977) • John Hyman (born 1960) • Jean Hyppolite (1907–1968) == I ==

• Don Ihde (born 1934) • Ivan Illich (1926–2002) • Evald Vassilievich Ilyenkov (1924–1979) • Claude Imbert (born 1933) • Bernard Ryosuke Inagaki (born 1928) • Peter van Inwagen (born 1942) • Michael Inwood (1944–2021) • Luce Irigaray (born 1930) • Terence Irwin (born 1947) • William Irwin (born 1970) • Jenann Ismael • Veronica Ivy (born 1982) == J ==

• Frank Jackson (born 1943) • Jane Jacobs (1916–2006) • Rahel Jaeggi (born 1967) • Harry V. Jaffa (1918–2015) • Alison Jaggar (born 1942) • Pankaj Jain (born 1970) • Joy James (born 1958) • Susan James (born 1951) • Fredric Jameson (born 1934) • Dale Jamieson (born 1947) • Christopher Janaway • Erich Jantsch (1929–1980) • Grace Jantzen (1948–2006) • Nick Jardine (born 1943) • Katarzyna Jaszczolt (born 1963) • David Lyle Jeffrey • Richard C. Jeffrey (1926–2002) • Carrie Ichikawa Jenkins • Fiona Jenkins (born 1965) • Hans Joas (born 1948) • Alejandro Jodorowsky (born 1929) • Kyle Johannsen • Stephen D. John (born 1979) • Barbara Johnson (1947–2009) • Galen Johnson (born 1948) • Adrian Johnston • Mark Johnston • Hans Jonas (1903–1993) • Dorthe Jørgensen (born 1959) == K ==

• Shelly Kagan (born 1954) • Charles H. Kahn (born 1928) • Daniel Kahneman (born 1934) • Frances Kamm • Hans Kamp (born 1940) • Robert Kane (born 1938) • Abraham Kaplan (1918–1993) • David Kaplan (born 1933) • Barrie Karp (1945–2019) • Carol Karp (1926–1972) • Jerrold Katz (1932–2002) • Gordon D. Kaufman (1925–2011) • Walter Kaufmann (1921–1980) • Richard Kearney (born 1954) • Evelyn Fox Keller (born 1936) • David Kelley (born 1949) • Sean Dorrance Kelly • John G. Kemeny (1926–1992) • Andreas Kemmerling (born 1950) • Willmoore Kendall (1909–1967) • Duncan Kennedy (born 1942) • Anthony Kenny (born 1931) • Joseph Kerman (1924–2014) • Serene Khader • Ranjana Khanna • Mahmoud Khatami • Kim Hyung-suk (born 1920) • Jaegwon Kim (1934–2019) • Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968) • Elselijn Kingma (born 1981) • Mark Kingwell (born 1963) • Robert Kirk (born 1933) • Richard Kirkham (born 1955) • Elizabeth Kiss (born 1961) • Patricia Kitcher (born 1948) • Philip Kitcher (born 1947) • Eva Kittay • Peter Kivy (1934–2017) • Stephen Cole Kleene (1909–1994) • Martha Klein • Peter D. Klein (born 1940) • Ursula Klein (born 1952) • Raymond Klibansky (1905–2005) • George Kline (1921–2014) • Brian Klug • Martha Kneale (1909–2001) • William Calvert Kneale (1906–1990) • David M. Knight (1936–2018) • Sue Knight • Joshua Knobe (born 1974) • Wilbur Knorr (1945–1997) • Dudley Knowles (1947–2014) • Adrienne Koch (1913–1971) • Hans Köchler (born 1948) • Joseph J. Kockelmans (born 1923) • Peter Koellner • Noretta Koertge • Arthur Koestler (1905–1983) • Sarah Kofman (1934–1994) • Erazim Kohák (1933–2020) • Lawrence Kohlberg (1927–1987) • Alexandre Kojève (1902–1968) • Leszek Kolakowski (1927–2009) • Katerina Kolozova (born 1969) • Milan Komar (1921–2006) • Charles De Koninck (1906–1965) • Milton R. Konvitz (1908–2003) • Robert C. Koons • Mario Kopić (born 1965) • Włodzimierz Julian Korab-Karpowicz (born 1953) • Hilary Kornblith • Stephan Körner (1913–2000) • Christine Korsgaard (born 1952) • Carolyn Korsmeyer (born 1950) • Kathrin Koslicki • Matthew Kramer (born 1959) • Otto Kraushaar (1901–1989) • Michael Krausz (1942–2025) • Richard Kraut (born 1944) • Peter Kreeft (born 1937) • Georg Kreisel (1923–2015) • David Farrell Krell (born 1944) • Michael Kremer • Norman Kretzmann (1928–1998) • Saul Kripke (1940–2022) • Paul Oskar Kristeller (1905–1999) • Julia Kristeva (born 1941) • Irving Kristol (1920–2009) • Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn (1909–1999) • Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922–1996) • Helga Kuhse • Quill Kukla • Bruce Kuklick (born 1941) • Kalevi Kull (born 1952) • İoanna Kuçuradi (born 1936) • Joel J. Kupperman (1936–2020) • Paul Kurtz (1925–2012) • Jonathan Kvanvig (born 1954) • Henry E. Kyburg Jr. (1928–2007) • Will Kymlicka (born 1962) == L ==

• Jacques Lacan (1901–1981) • John Lachs (1934–2023) • Jennifer Lackey • Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe (1940–2007) • Jean Ladrière (1921–2007) • Cristina Lafont (born 1967) • Kaave Lajevardi (born 1971) • Imre Lakatos (1922–1974) • Karel Lambert (born 1928) • Corliss Lamont (1902–1995) • Mark Lance (born 1959) • Ludwig Landgrebe (1902–1991) • Helen S. Lang (1947–2016) • Rae Langton (born 1961) • François Laruelle (1937–2024) • Christopher Lasch (1932–1994) • Serge Latouche (born 1940) • Bruno Latour (1947–2022) • Larry Laudan (1941–2022) • Quentin Lauer (1917–1997) • Stephen Laurence • Albert Lautman (1908–1944) • Thelma Z. Lavine (1915–2011) • Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek (born 1975) • Stephen Law (born 1960) • Morris Lazerowitz (1907–1987) • Jonathan Lear (1948–2025) • Dominique Lecourt (1944–2022) • Michèle Le Dœuff (born 1948) • Bruce Lee (1940–1973) • Otis Hamilton Lee (1902–1948) • Henri Lefebvre (1901–1991) • Claude Lefort (1924–2010) • Brian Leftow (born 1956) • Keith Lehrer (born 1936) • Yeshayahu Leibowitz (1903–1994) • Wolfgang Leidhold (born 1950) • Werner Leinfellner (1921–2010) • Brian Leiter (born 1963) • Hannes Leitgeb (born 1972) • John Lemmon (1930–1966) • Mary Leng • James Lenman • Kathleen Lennon • James G. Lennox (born 1948) • Thomas Lepeltier (born 1967) • Robin Le Poidevin (born 1962) • Ernest Lepore (born 1950) • John A. Leslie (born 1940) • Sarah-Jane Leslie • Michael Leunig (1945–2024) • Isaac Levi (1930–2018) • Michael Levin (born 1943) • Emmanuel Levinas (1906–1995) • Joseph Levine (born 1952) • Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908–2009) • Bernard-Henri Lévy (born 1948) • Tim Lewens (born 1974) • David Kellogg Lewis (1941–2001) • Hywel Lewis (1910–1992) • Casimir Lewy (1919–1991) • Dimitris Liantinis (1942–1998) • S. Matthew Liao (born 1972) • Suzanne Lilar (1901–1992) • Mark Lilla (born 1956) • George Lindbeck (1923–2018) • Hilde Lindemann • Rudolf Lingens ("born" 1918) • Alphonso Lingis (1933–2025) • Øystein Linnebo (born 1971) • Leonard Linsky (1922–2012) • Gilles Lipovetsky (born 1944) • Arthur Lipsett (1936–1986) • Peter Lipton (1954–2007) • Christian List (born 1973) • Elisabeth Lloyd (born 1956) • Genevieve Lloyd (born 1941) • Sharon Lloyd (born 1958) • Barry Loewer (born 1945) • Knud Ejler Løgstrup (1905–1981) • Andrew Loke • Loren Lomasky • Alan Lomax (1915–2002) • Bernard Lonergan (1904–1984) • A. A. Long (born 1937) • R. James Long (born 1938) • Helen Longino (born 1944) • Béatrice Longuenesse (born 1950) • Bernard Loomer (1912–1985) • Beth Lord (born 1976) • Paul Lorenzen (1915–1995) • Jerzy Łoś (1920–1998) • E. J. Lowe (1950–2014) • Hermann Lübbe (born 1926) • John R. Lucas (1929–2020) • Thomas Luckmann (1927–2016) • Maria Lugones (1944–2020) • Peter Ludlow (born 1957) • Niklas Luhmann (1927–1998) • William Lycan (born 1945) • David Lyons (born 1935) • Jean-François Lyotard (1924–1998) == M ==

• David Macarthur • William MacAskill (born 1987) • Neil MacCormick (1941–2009) • Dwight Macdonald (1906–1982) • Margaret MacDonald (1907–1956) • John MacFarlane • Peter K. Machamer (1942–2023) • Tibor R. Machan (1939–2016) • Edouard Machery • Alasdair MacIntyre (1929–2025) • Louis Mackey (1926–2004) • John Leslie Mackie (1917–1981) • Penelope Mackie • Catharine A. MacKinnon (born 1946) • Donald M. MacKinnon (1913–1994) • Fiona Macpherson (born 1971) • John Macquarrie (1919–2007) • Penelope Maddy (born 1950) • Marylin Maeso (born 1988) • Rosa María Rodríguez Magda (born 1957) • Bryan Magee (1930–2019) • Ofra Magidor • Lorenzo Magnani (born 1952) • Jane Maienschein (born 1950) • Catherine Malabou (born 1959) • David Malament (born 1947) • Norman Malcolm (1911–1990) • Malcolm X (1925–1965) • Mostafa Malekian (born 1956) • Merab Mamardashvili (1930–1990) • Maurice Mandelbaum (1908–1987) • Jon Mandle • Pierre Manent (born 1949) • Bonnie Mann (born 1961) • Kate Manne • Erin Manning (born 1969) • Harvey Mansfield (born 1932) • Ruth Barcan Marcus (1921–2012) • Michael Marder (born 1980) • John Marenbon (born 1955) • Henry Margenau (1901–1997) • Joseph Margolis (1924–2021) • Julián Marías (1914–2005) • Jean-Luc Marion (born 1946) • Odo Marquard (1928–2015) • Don Marquis (1935–2022) • Giacomo Marramao (born 1946) • Jill Marsden (born 1964) • Donald A. Martin (born 1940) • Jerry L. Martin • Michael G. F. Martin (born 1962) • Michael Lou Martin (1932–2015) • Richard Milton Martin (1916–1985) • Aloysius Martinich (born 1946) • Abraham Maslow (1908–1970) • Michelle Mason • Michela Massimi • Brian Massumi (born 1956) • Margaret Masterman (1910–1986) • Benson Mates (1919–2009) • Alexandre Matheron (1926–2020) • Freya Mathews • Bimal Krishna Matilal (1935–1991) • Wallace Matson (1921–2012) • Gareth Matthews (1929–2011) • Tim Maudlin (born 1958) • Abul A'la Maududi (1903–1979) • George I. Mavrodes (1926–2019) • Rollo May (1909–1994) • Todd May (born 1955) • John Maynard Smith (1920–2004) • Ernst Mayr (1904–2005) • Wolfe Mays (1912–2005) • Noëlle McAfee • Linda López McAlister (1939–2021) • Herbert McCabe (1926–2001) • M. M. McCabe (born 1948) • John McCarthy (1927–2011) • Thomas A. McCarthy (born 1940) • Ron McClamrock • Rachel McCleary • James William McClendon Jr. (1924–2000) • John H. McClendon • Deirdre McCloskey (born 1942) • Sally McConnell-Ginet (born 1938) • John J. McDermott (1932–2018) • John McDowell (born 1942) • Colin McGinn (born 1950) • Marie McGinn • Mary Kate McGowan • Brian McGuinness (1927–2019) • Leemon McHenry • Ralph McInerny (1929–2010) • Alison McIntyre • Terence McKenna (1946–2000) • Robert McKim (born 1952) • Colin McLarty • Marshall McLuhan (1911–1980) • Jeff McMahan (born 1954) • Ernan McMullin (1924–2011) • Sterling M. McMurrin (1914–1996) • John McMurtry • Margaret Mead (1901–1978) • José Medina • Brian Herbert Medlin (1927–2004) • Paul E. Meehl (1920–2003) • Esther Meek • Quentin Meillassoux (born 1967) • Alfred Mele • David Hugh Mellor (1938–2020) • Eduardo Mendieta (born 1963) • Susan Mendus • Christia Mercer • Adèle Mercier (born 1958) • Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961) • Trenton Merricks • Thomas Merton (1915–1968) • Thomas Metzinger (born 1958) • Frank Meyer (1909–1972) • Leonard B. Meyer (1918–2007) • Diana Tietjens Meyers • Vincent Miceli (1915–1991) • Alex Michalos (born 1935) • Geoffrey Midgley (1921–1997) • Mary Midgley (1919–2018) • Stanley Milgram (1933–1984) • Alan Millar (born 1947) • David W. Miller (born 1942) • Fred Miller • George Armitage Miller (1920–2012) • Izchak Miller (1935–1994) • Perry Miller (1905–1963) • Elijah Millgram (born 1958) • Peter Millican (born 1958) • Ruth Millikan (born 1933) • Charles Wade Mills (1951–2021) • Charles Wright Mills (1916–1962) • Roberta Millstein • Jean-Claude Milner (born 1941) • Marvin Minsky (1927–2016) • Cheryl Misak • Christine Mitchell (born 1951) • Sandra Mitchell (born 1951) • Shaj Mohan • Jitendra Nath Mohanty (born 1928) • Annemarie Mol (born 1958) • George Molnar (1934–1999) • Ann M. Mongoven • Ray Monk (born 1957) • Richard Montague (1930–1971) • Alan Montefiore (1926–2024) • Ernest Addison Moody (1903–1975) • Michele Moody-Adams • James H. Moor • A. W. Moore (born 1956) • Charles A. Moore (1901–1967) • Michael S. Moore • Dermot Moran • Richard Moran • Julius Moravcsik (1931–2009) • Max More (born 1964) • J. P. Moreland (born 1948) • Sidney Morgenbesser (1921–2004) • Marie-Eve Morin • Charles W. Morris (1901–1979) • Christopher W. Morris (born 1949) • Errol Morris (born 1948) • Herbert Morris (born 1928) • Margaret Morrison (1954–2021) • Adam Morton (1945–2020) • Timothy Morton (born 1968) • Paul Moser (born 1957) • Bob Moses (1935–2021) • Michele Moses • Jesús Mosterín (1941–2017) • Mary Mothersill (1923–2008) • Mou Zongsan (1909–1995) • Chantal Mouffe (born 1943) • Richard Mouw (born 1940) • V. Y. Mudimbe (born 1941) • Walter George Muelder (1907–2004) • Stephen Mulhall (born 1962) • Vincent C. Müller • Kevin Mulligan (born 1951) • Stephen Mumford (born 1965) • Véronique Munoz-Dardé • Sachiko Murata (born 1943) • Iris Murdoch (1919–1999) • John E. Murdoch (1927–2010) • Murray Murphey (1928–2018) • Arthur Edward Murphy (1901–1962) • Nancey Murphy (born 1951) • John Courtney Murray (1904–1967) • Pauli Murray (1910–1985) • Alan Musgrave (born 1940) == N ==

• Arne Næss (1912–2009) • Yujin Nagasawa (born 1975) • Ernest Nagel (1901–1985) • Jennifer Nagel • Thomas Nagel (born 1937) • Debra Nails (born 1950) • Jean-Luc Nancy (1940–2021) • Meera Nanda (born 1954) • Uma Narayan (born 1958) • Jan Narveson (born 1936) • John Forbes Nash Jr. (1928–2015) • Hossein Nasr (born 1933) • Maurice Natanson (1924–1996) • Anthony Sean Neal • Stephen Neale (born 1958) • Karen Neander (1954–2020) • Antonio Negri (born 1933) • Oskar Negt (1934–2024) • Alexander Nehamas (born 1946) • Susan Neiman (born 1955) • Paul Nelson (born 1958) • Nancy J. Nersessian • John von Neumann (1903–1957) • Robert Cummings Neville (born 1939) • Allen Newell (1927–1992) • Glen Newey (1961–2017) • Jay Newman (1948–2007) • William R. Newman (born 1955) • Huey P. Newton (1942–1989) • William Newton-Smith (born 1943) • Shaun Nichols (born 1964) • Eduardo Nicol (1907–1990) • Julian Nida-Rümelin (born 1954) • Martine Nida-Rümelin (born 1957) • Cynthia Nielsen • Kai Nielsen (1926–2021) • Nishitani Keiji (1900–1990) • David Shepherd Nivison (1923–2014) • Paul Nizan (1905–1940) • Kwame Nkrumah (1909–1972) • Linda Nochlin (1931–2017) • Nel Noddings (1929–2022) • Alva Noë (born 1964) • Constantin Noica (1909–1987) • Ernst Nolte (1923–2016) • John T. Noonan Jr. (1926–2017) • Tore Nordenstam (born 1934) • Kathryn Norlock (born 1969) • Calvin Normore (born 1948) • Christopher Norris (born 1947) • David L. Norton (1930–1995) • John D. Norton (born 1953) • Kathleen Nott (1905–1999) • Robert Nozick (1938–2001) • Martha Nussbaum (born 1947) • Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere (1922–1999) == O ==

• Lucy O'Brien (born 1964) • Mary O'Brien (1926–1998) • Peg O'Connor • Anthony O'Hear (born 1942) • Brian E. O'Neil (1921–1985) • Onora O'Neill (born 1941) • Michael Oakeshott (1901–1990) • Graham Oddie • David S. Oderberg • Jaishree Odin • Charles Kay Ogden • Ruwen Ogien • Samir Okasha • Susan Moller Okin (1946–2004) • Kelly Oliver (born 1958) • Revilo P. Oliver (1908–1994) • Alan M. Olson (born 1939) • Michel Onfray (born 1959) • Walter Jackson Ong (1912–2003) • Graham Oppy (born 1960) • Toby Ord (born 1979) • Gloria Origgi (born 1967) • Rocío Orsi (1976–2014) • Charles E. Osgood (1916–1991) • Blake Ostler (born 1957) • Konrad Ott (born 1959) • James Otteson (born 1968) • Albert Outler (1908–1989) • Gwilyn Ellis Lane Owen (1922–1982) • Joseph Owens (1908–2005) • Susan Oyama (born 1943) == P ==

• Jesús Padilla Gálvez (born 1959) • Peter Pagin (born 1953) • Clare Palmer (born 1967) • Arthur Pap (1921–1959) • David Papineau (born 1947) • George Pappas (born 1942) • Derek Parfit (1942–2017) • Rohit Jivanlal Parikh (born 1936) • Adrian Parr (born 1967) • Charles Parsons (born 1933) • Terence Parsons (born 1939) • Barbara Partee (born 1940) • John Passmore (1914–2004) • Jan Patočka (1907–1977) • Paul R. Patton (born 1950) • L. A. Paul • David L. Paulsen (1936–2020) • Christopher Peacocke (born 1950) • David Pearce • David Pears (1921–2009) • Leonard Peikoff (born 1933) • Jean-Jacques Pelletier (born 1947) • Zbigniew Pełczyński (1925–2021) • Lorenzo Peña (born 1944) • Carlo Penco (born 1948) • Terence Penelhum (1929–2020) • Roger Penrose (born 1931) • Walker Percy (1916–1990) • Derk Pereboom (born 1957) • Carlos Pereda • Chaïm Perelman (1912–1984) • John Perry (born 1943) • Richard Stanley Peters (1919–2011) • Anna L. Peterson (born 1963) • Philip Pettit (born 1945) • Herman Philipse (born 1951) • D. Z. Phillips (1934–2006) • James Andrew Phillips • Giovanni Piana (1940–2019) • Alexander Piatigorsky (1929–2009) • Eva Picardi (1948–2017) • Gualtiero Piccinini (born 1970) • Hanna Pickard (born 1972) • Catherine Pickstock (born 1970) • Josef Pieper (1904–1997) • Jessica Pierce (born 1965) • Massimo Pigliucci (born 1964) • Adrian Piper (born 1948) • Robert B. Pippin (born 1948) • Madsen Pirie (born 1940) • Robert M. Pirsig (1928–2017) • George Pitcher (1925–2018) • Ullin Place (1924–2000) • John Plamenatz (1912–1975) • Alvin Plantinga (born 1932) • Mark de Bretton Platts (born 1947) • Evelyn Pluhar • Val Plumwood (1939–2008) • Deborah C. Poff • Thomas Pogge (born 1953) • Louis P. Pojman (1935–2005) • John L. Pollock (1940–2009) • Leonardo Polo (1926–2013) • Edward Pols (1919–2005) • Richard Polt • Richard Popkin (1923–2005) • K. J. Popma (1903–1986) • Karl Popper (1902–1994) • Richard Posner (born 1939) • Mark Poster (1941–2012) • Carl Posy • Van Rensselaer Potter (1911–2001) • John Poulakos (born 1948) • Vaughan Pratt (born 1944) • Dag Prawitz (born 1936) • Huw Price (born 1953) • Graham Priest (born 1948) • Jesse Prinz • Arthur Prior (1914–1969) • Duncan Pritchard • James Pryor (born 1968) • Harry Prosch (1917–2005) • Alexander Pruss (born 1973) • James Pryor (born 1968) • Stathis Psillos (born 1965) • Lorenz Bruno Puntel (born 1935) • Hilary Putnam (1926–2016) • Ruth Anna Putnam (1927–2019) • Andrew Pyle (born 1955) • Zenon Pylyshyn (born 1937) == Q ==

• Qiu Renzong (born 1933) • Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000) • Philip L. Quinn (1940–2004) • Anthony Quinton (1925–2010) • Sayyid Qutb (1906–1966) == R ==

• Wlodek Rabinowicz (born 1947) • Eduardo Rabossi (1930–2005) • James Rachels (1941–2003) • Melvin Rader (1903–1981) • Karl Rahner (1904–1984) • Peter Railton (born 1950) • Vojin Rakić (born 1967) • Tariq Ramadan (born 1962) • Frank P. Ramsey (1903–1930)* • Ian Thomas Ramsey (1915–1972) • Paul Ramsey (1913–1988) • Jacques Rancière (born 1940) • Ayn Rand (1905–1982) • Rose Rand (1903–1980) • William J. Rapaport • Anatol Rapoport (1911–2007) • David M. Rasmussen • Douglas B. Rasmussen (born 1948) • Joseph Ratzinger (1927-2022) • Heidi Ravven (born 1952) • John Rawls (1921–2002) • Yvanka B. Raynova (born 1959) • Joseph Raz (born 1939) • Michael C. Rea • Miguel Reale (1910–2006) • François Recanati (born 1952) • Andrew J. Reck (1927–2021) • Michael Redhead (1929–2020) • Jonathan Rée (born 1948) • Tom Regan (1938–2017) • Bernard Reginster • Robert Reich (born 1946) • Helmut Reichelt (born 1939) • Patricia Reif (1930–2002) • George Reisman (born 1937) • Nicholas Rescher (born 1928) • Michael Resnik (born 1938) • Greg Restall (born 1969) • Georges Rey (born 1945) • Rush Rhees (1905–1989) • Janet Radcliffe Richards (born 1944) • Henry S. Richardson (born 1955) • John Richardson (born 1951) • Radovan Richta (1924–1983) • Paul Ricœur (1913–2005) • Denise Riley (born 1948) • Joachim Ritter (1903–1974) • Abraham Robinson (1918–1974) • Cedric Robinson (1940–2016) • Howard Robinson (born 1945) • Jenefer Robinson • R. R. Rockingham Gill (born 1944) • Sebastian Rödl (born 1967) • Wendy Anne Rogers (born 1957) • Bernard Rollin (born 1943) • Holmes Rolston III (born 1932) • Avital Ronell (born 1952) • David Roochnik (born 1951) • Amélie Rorty (1932–2020) • Richard Rorty (1931–2007) • Eugene Dennis Rose (1934–1982) • Gillian Rose (1947–1995) • Philipp Rosemann (born 1964) • Gideon Rosen (born 1962) • Michael E. Rosen (born 1952) • Stanley Rosen (1929–2014) • Alexander Rosenberg (born 1946) • Harold Rosenberg (1906–1978) • Jay Rosenberg (1942–2008) • Nancy L. Rosenblum (born 1947) • David M. Rosenthal • Sandra B. Rosenthal (born 1936) • Daniel Ross (born 1970) • James F. Ross (1931–2010) • Clément Rosset (1939–2018) • Gian-Carlo Rota (1932–1999) • John K. Roth (born 1940) • Daniel Rothschild (born 1979) • Brian Rotman • Joseph Rovan (1918–2004) • William L. Rowe (1931–2015) • Mark Rowlands (born 1962) • Sara Ruddick (1935–2011) • Rosemary Radford Ruether (born 1936) • Laura Ruetsche • Ian Rumfitt (born 1964) • Michael Ruse (born 1940) • Gilbert Ryle (1900–1976) • Robert Rynasiewicz • David Rynin (1905–2000) • Ali Shariati (1933–1977) == S ==

• Mark Sainsbury (born 1943) • Alia Al-Saji • Jean-Michel Salanskis (born 1951) • Ariel Salleh • John Sallis (1938–2025) • Nathan Salmon (born 1951) • Wesley Salmon (1925–2001) • Michael J. Sandel (born 1953) • Constantine Sandis (born 1976) • David H. Sanford (1937–2022) • Steve F. Sapontzis (born 1945) • Prabhat Rainjan Sarkar (1921–1990) • Sahotra Sarkar (born 1962) • Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980) • Crispin Sartwell (born 1958) • Barbara Sattler (born 1974) • Debra Satz • Jennifer Saul (born 1968) • John Ralston Saul (born 1947) • Simon Saunders (born 1954) • Fernando Savater (born 1947) • Julian Savulescu (born 1963) • Geoffrey Sayre-McCord (born 1956) • Thomas Scanlon (born 1940) • Elaine Scarry (born 1946) • Margaret Schabas (born 1954) • Richard Schacht (born 1941) • Francis Schaeffer (1912–1984) • Jonathan Schaffer • Kenneth F. Schaffner (born 1939) • James V. Schall (1928–2019) • Israel Scheffler (1923–2014) • Samuel Scheffler (born 1951) • J. L. Schellenberg (born 1959) • Susanna Schellenberg • Naomi Scheman • Stephen Schiffer (born 1940) • Hubert Schleichert (1935–2020) • David Schmidtz (born 1955) • J. B. Schneewind (born 1930) • Malcolm Schofield (born 1942) • Barbara Scholz (1947–2011) • Sally Scholz (born 1968) • Mark Schroeder • Bart Schultz (born 1951) • Dana Scott (born 1932) • Michael Scriven (born 1928) • Frithjof Schuon (1907–1998) • Reiner Schürmann (1941–1993) • Ofelia Schutte (born 1945) • Lisa H. Schwartzman (born 1969) • Steven Schwarzschild (1924–1989) • Eric Schwitzgebel • Charles E. Scott (born 1935) • Dana Scott (born 1932) • Carolina Scotto (born 1958) • Roger Scruton (1944–2020) • John Searle (born 1932) • Jeff Sebo (born 1983) • Sally Sedgwick • David Sedley (born 1947) • Thomas Seebohm (1934–2014) • Jerome Segal (born 1943) • Scott Sehon (born 1963) • Wilfrid Sellars (1912–1989) • Amartya Sen (born 1933) • Michel Serres (1930–2019) • Neven Sesardić (born 1949) • Russ Shafer-Landau (born 1963) • Oron Shagrir • Israel Shahak (1933–2001) • Timothy Shanahan (born 1960) • Stuart Shanker (born 1952) • Lawrence Shapiro • Lisa Shapiro (born 1967) • Scott J. Shapiro • Stewart Shapiro (born 1951) • A Satyanarayana Shastri (1925–2004) • Steven Shaviro (born 1954) • Dariush Shayegan (1935–2018) • Tommie Shelby (born 1967) • Susan Shell (born 1948) • Gila Sher • Donald W. Sherburne (1929–2021) • Nancy Sherman (born 1951) • Susan Sherwin (born 1947) • Christopher Shields (born 1958) • Seana Shiffrin • Abner Shimony (1928–2015) • Judith N. Shklar (1928–1992) • Sydney Shoemaker (1931–2022) • Alexis Shotwell (born 1974) • Kristin Shrader-Frechette (born 1944) • Laurie Shrage • Henry Shue (born 1940) • Richard Shusterman (born 1949) • Frank Sibley (1923–1996) • Theodore Sider • David Sidorsky (born 1927) • Larry Siedentop (born 1936) • Susanna Siegel • John Silber (1926–2012) • Hugh J. Silverman (1945–2013) • Anita Silvers (1940–2019) • May Sim (born 1962) • Alison Simmons (born 1965) • Keith Simmons • Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001) • Yves Simon (1903–1961) • Gilbert Simondon (1924–1989) • Peter Simons (born 1950) • William Angus Sinclair (1905–1954) • Irving Singer (1925–2015) • Marcus George Singer (1926–2016) • Peter Singer (born 1946) • Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (born 1955) • Guy Sircello (1936–1992) • B. F. Skinner (1904–1990) • Lawrence Sklar (born 1938) • John Skorupski (born 1946) • Brian Skyrms (born 1938) • Christina Slade (born 1953) • Aaron Sloman (born 1936) • Michael Slote • Peter Sloterdijk (born 1947) • Hans Sluga (born 1937) • J. J. C. Smart (1920–2012) • Ninian Smart (1927–2001) • Timothy Smiley (born 1930) • Barry Smith (born 1952) • Daniel W. Smith (born 1958) • Holly Martin Smith • Huston Smith (1919–2016) • John Edwin Smith (1921–2009) • Michael A. Smith (born 1954) • Nicholas D. Smith (born 1949) • Nicholas H. Smith (born 1962) • Nicholas J. J. Smith (born 1972) • Tara Smith (born 1961) • Raymond Smullyan (1919–2017) • John Raymond Smythies (1922–2019) • Yorick Smythies (1917–1980) • Joseph D. Sneed (1938–2020) • Nancy Snow • Scott Soames (born 1946) • Jordan Howard Sobel (1929–2010) • Elliott Sober (born 1948) • Alan Soble (born 1947) • Robert Sokolowski (born 1934) • Miriam Solomon • Robert C. Solomon (1942–2007) • Joseph Soloveitchik (1903–1993) • Margaret Somerville (born 1942) • Christina Hoff Sommers (born 1950) • Fred Sommers (1923–2014) • Tamler Sommers • Susan Sontag (1933–2004) • Kate Soper (born 1943) • Richard Sorabji (born 1934) • Stefan Lorenz Sorgner (born 1973) • Abdolkarim Soroush (born 1945) • David Sosa • Ernest Sosa (born 1940) • Janet Soskice (born 1951) • Nicholas Southwood • Thomas Sowell (born 1930) • Robert Spaemann (1927–2018) • David Spangler (born 1945) • Elizabeth V. Spelman • Dan Sperber (born 1942) • Herbert Spiegelberg (1904–1990) • Robert Spitzer (born 1952) • Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (born 1942) • Wolfgang Spohn (born 1950) • Jan Michael Sprenger (born 1982) • Timothy Sprigge (1932–2007) • Susanne Sreedhar • Amia Srinivasan (born 1984) • Edward Stachura (1937–1979) • Konstantinos Staikos (born 1943) • Newton Phelps Stallknecht (1906–1981) • Robert Stalnaker (born 1940) • Jeremy Stangroom • Jason Stanley (born 1969) • Glen Stassen (1936–2014) • H. Peter Steeves, American academic and author • Wolfgang Stegmüller (1923–1991) • Mark Steiner (1942–2020) • Isabelle Stengers (born 1949) • Gunther Stent (1924–2008) • James P. Sterba • Kim Sterelny (born 1950) • Robert Stern (1962–2024) • Dolf Sternberger (1907–1989) • Charles Leslie Stevenson (1908–1979) • Helen Steward (born 1965) • Jon Stewart • Stephen Stich (born 1943) • Bernard Stiegler (1952–2020) • Gail Stine (1940–1977) • Kathleen Stock (born 1972) • Dejan Stojanović (born 1959) • Patrick Stokes (born 1978) • Martin Stokhof (born 1950) • Daniel Stoljar (born 1967) • Alison Stone • Karola Stotz (1963–2019) • Jeffrey Stout (born 1950) • David Stove (1927–1994) • Galen Strawson (born 1952) • P. F. Strawson (1919–2006) • Sharon Street (born 1973) • Gisela Striker (born 1943) • Avrum Stroll (1921–2013) • Edward Strong (1901–1990) • Barry Stroud (1935–2019) • Matthew Stuart • John J. Stuhr • Eleonore Stump (born 1947) • Shannon Sullivan • Cass Sunstein (born 1954) • Anita Superson • Frederick Suppe (born 1940) • Patrick Suppes (1922–2014) • Stewart Sutherland (1941–2018) • Goran Švob (1947–2013) • Norman Swartz (born 1939) • William Sweet • Brendan Sweetman (born 1962) • Richard Swinburne (born 1934) • Thomas Szasz (1920–2012) • Edmond Bordeaux Szekely (1905–1979) • Peter Szendy (born 1966) • David Sztybel (born 1967) == T ==

• Javad Tabatabai (born 1945) • William W. Tait (born 1929) • Nassim Nicholas Taleb (born 1960) • Charles Taliaferro (born 1952) • Robert B. Talisse (born 1970) • Konrad Talmont-Kamiński (born 1971) • Jacques Taminiaux (1928–2019) • Tang Junyi (1909–1978) • Torbjörn Tännsjö (born 1946) • Alfred Tarski (1901–1983) • John Tasioulas (born 1964) • Alfred I. Tauber (born 1947) • Charles Taylor (born 1931) • Gabriele Taylor (born 1927) • Ken Taylor (1954–2019) • Paul C. Taylor (born 1967) • Paul W. Taylor (1923–2015) • Richard Clyde Taylor (1919–2003) • Jenny Teichman (1930–2018) • Larry Temkin • Placide Tempels (1906–1977) • Sergio Tenenbaum (born 1964) • Neil Tennant (born 1950) • Alice ter Meulen (born 1952) • Lisa Tessman • Eugene Thacker • Paul Thagard (born 1950) • Irving Thalberg Jr. (1930–1987) • Helmut Thielicke (1908–1986) • Laurence Thomas (born 1949) • Amie Thomasson (born 1968) • Josiah Thompson (born 1935) • Patricia Thompson (1926–2016) • Paul B. Thompson • Judith Jarvis Thomson (1929–2020) • Ole Thyssen (born 1944) • Valerie Tiberius • Pavel Tichý (1936–1994) • Claudine Tiercelin (born 1952) • Lynne Tirrell • Tzvetan Todorov (1939–2017) • Orlando Toledo (born 1964) • Julius Tomin (born 1938) • Rosemarie Tong (born 1949) • Michael Tooley (born 1941) • Roberto Torretti (born 1930) • Stephen Toulmin (1922–2009) • Cecilia Trifogli (born 1961) • Roger Trigg (born 1941) • Tsang Lap Chuen (born 1943) • Mpho Tshivhase • Nancy Tuana • Peter Tudvad (born 1966) • Ernst Tugendhat (born 1930) • Raimo Tuomela (1940–2020) • Colin Murray Turbayne (1916–2006) • Alan Turing (1912–1954) • Ray Turner (born 1947) • Stephen Park Turner (born 1951) • Joseph Tussman (1914–2005) • Michael Tye (born 1950) • Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka (1923–2014) == U ==