List of state leaders in the 2020s

Africa: Central • Angola :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*João Lourenço, president (since 26 September 2017) • Cameroon :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Paul Biya, president (since 6 November 1982) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Joseph Ngute, prime minister (since 4 January 2019) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Firmin Ngrébada, prime minister (25 February 2019 – 15 June 2021) ::*Félix Moloua, prime minister (since 7 February 2022) ::*Mahamat Déby, president of the Transitional Military Council (20 April 2021 – 10 October 2022); transitional president (10 October 2022 – 23 May 2024); :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Albert Pahimi Padacké, prime minister (26 April 2021 – 12 October 2022) ::*Saleh Kebzabo, prime minister (12 October 2022 – 1 January 2024) ::*Allamaye Halina, prime minister (since 23 May 2024) • Democratic Republic of the Congo :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Félix Tshisekedi, president (since 24 January 2019) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Sylvestre Ilunga, prime minister (7 September 2019 – 26 April 2021) ::*Judith Suminwa, prime minister (since 12 June 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Clément Mouamba, prime minister (23 April 2016 – 12 May 2021) • Equatorial Guinea :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, president (since 12 October 1982) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Francisco Pascual Obama Asue, prime minister (23 June 2016 – 1 February 2023) ::*Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua, prime minister (since 17 August 2024) ::*Brice Oligui Nguema, transitional president (30 August 2023 – 3 May 2025); ::*Rose Christiane Raponda, prime minister (16 July 2020 – 9 January 2023) ::*Alain Claude Bilie By Nze, prime minister (9 January 2023 – 30 August 2023) in 2021 • São Tomé and Príncipe :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Evaristo Carvalho, president (3 September 2016 – 2 October 2021) ::*Carlos Vila Nova, president (since 2 October 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Jorge Bom Jesus, prime minister (3 December 2018 – 10 November 2022) ::*Patrice Trovoada, prime minister (11 November 2022 – 6 January 2025) ::*Évariste Ndayishimiye, president (since 18 June 2020) ::*Gervais Ndirakobuca, prime minister (7 September 2022 – 5 August 2025) in 2023 • Djibouti :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, president (since 8 May 1999) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed, prime minister (since 1 April 2013) • Eritrea :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Isaias Afwerki, president (since 24 May 1993) • Ethiopia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Sahle-Work Zewde, president (25 October 2018 – 7 October 2024) ::*Taye Atske Selassie, president (since 7 October 2024) ::*William Ruto, president (since 13 September 2022) • Madagascar :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Andry Rajoelina, president (19 January 2019 – 9 September 2023, 16 December 2023 – 14 October 2025) ::*Christian Ntsay, acting president (9 September 2023 – 27 October 2023) ::*Richard Ravalomanana, acting president (27 October 2023 – 16 December 2023) ::*Andry Rajoelina, president (16 December 2023 – 14 October 2025) ::*Michael Randrianirina, acting president (since 14 October 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Christian Ntsay, prime minister (6 June 2018 – 6 October 2025) ::*Ruphin Zafisambo, prime minister (6 October 2025 – 20 October 2025) ::*Herintsalama Rajaonarivelo, prime minister (since 20 October 2025) • Malawi :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Peter Mutharika, president (31 May 2014 – 28 June 2020) ::*Lazarus Chakwera, president (28 June 2020 – 4 October 2025) ::*Peter Mutharika, president (since 4 October 2025) • Mauritius :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Prithvirajsing Roopun, president (2 December 2019 – 6 December 2024) ::*Dharam Gokhool, president (since 6 December 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Pravind Jugnauth, prime minister (23 January 2017 – 13 November 2024) ::*Navin Ramgoolam, prime minister (since 13 November 2024) • Mozambique :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Filipe Nyusi, president (15 January 2015 – 15 January 2025) ::*Daniel Chapo, president (since 15 January 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Carlos Agostinho do Rosário, prime minister (17 January 2015 – 3 March 2022) ::*Adriano Maleiane, prime minister (3 March 2022 – 15 January 2025) ::*Maria Benvinda Levy, prime minister (since 15 January 2025) • Rwanda :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Paul Kagame, president (since 22 April 2000) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Édouard Ngirente, prime minister (30 August 2017 – 25 July 2025) ::*Justin Nsengiyumva, prime minister (since 25 July 2025) in 2020 • Seychelles :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Danny Faure, president (16 October 2016 – 26 October 2020) ::*Wavel Ramkalawan, president (26 October 2020 – 26 October 2025) ::*Patrick Herminie, president (since 26 October 2025) • Somalia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, president (16 February 2017 – 23 May 2022) ::*Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, president (since 23 May 2022) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Hassan Ali Khaire, prime minister (1 March 2017 – 25 July 2020) ::*Mahdi Mohammed Gulaid, acting prime minister (25 July 2020 – 23 September 2020) ::*Mohamed Hussein Roble, prime minister (23 September 2020 – 26 June 2022) ::*Hamza Abdi Barre, prime minister (since 26 June 2022) • Somaliland :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Muse Bihi Abdi, president (13 December 2017 – 12 December 2024) ::*Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, president (since 12 December 2024) • South Sudan :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Salva Kiir Mayardit, president (since 9 July 2011) in 2021 • Tanzania :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*John Magufuli, president (5 November 2015 – 17 March 2021) ::*Samia Suluhu Hassan, president (since 19 March 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Kassim Majaliwa, prime minister (20 November 2015 – 13 November 2025) ::*Mwigulu Nchemba, prime minister (since 13 November 2025) • Uganda :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Yoweri Museveni, president (since 29 January 1986) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Ruhakana Rugunda, Prime minister (18 September 2014 – 21 June 2021) ::*Robinah Nabbanja, Prime minister (since 21 June 2021) • Zambia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Edgar Lungu, president (25 January 2015 – 24 August 2021) ::*Hakainde Hichilema, president (since 24 August 2021) • Zimbabwe :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Emmerson Mnangagwa, president (since 24 November 2017) Africa: North • Algeria :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Abdelmadjid Tebboune, president (since 19 December 2019) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Abdelaziz Djerad, prime minister (28 December 2019 – 30 June 2021) ::*Aymen Benabderrahmane, prime minister (30 June 2021 – 11 November 2023) ::*Nadir Larbaoui, prime minister (11 November 2023 – 28 August 2025) ::*Sifi Ghrieb, acting prime minister (28 August 2025 – 14 September 2025); prime minister (since 14 September 2025) • Egypt :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, president (since 8 June 2014) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Mostafa Madbouly, prime minister (since 14 June 2018) • Libya :*Heads of state (complete list) – ::*Aguila Saleh Issa, contesting president of the House of Representatives (5 August 2014 – 15 March 2021) ::*Fayez al-Sarraj, contesting chairman of the Presidential Council (30 March 2016 – 15 March 2021) ::*Mohamed al-Menfi, chairman of the Presidential Council (since 15 March 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Fayez al-Sarraj, prime minister (5 April 2016 – 15 March 2021) ::*Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, prime minister (since 15 March 2021) • Morocco :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Mohammed VI, king (since 23 July 1999) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Saadeddine Othmani, prime minister (17 March 2017 – 7 October 2021) ::*Aziz Akhannouch, prime minister (since 7 October 2021) • Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic :*General secretaries of the Polisario Front (complete list) – ::*Brahim Ghali, general secretary (since 12 July 2016) :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Brahim Ghali, president (since 12 July 2016) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Mohamed Wali Akeik, prime minister (4 February 2018 – 13 January 2020) ::*Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, prime minister (since 13 January 2020) • Sudan :*Heads of state (complete list) ::*Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council (20 August 2019 – 25 October 2021, since 11 November 2021); de facto leader (25 October 2021 – 11 November 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) ::*Abdalla Hamdok, prime minister (21 August 2019 – 25 October 2021, 21 November 2021 – 2 January 2022) ::*Osman Hussein, acting prime minister (19 January 2022 – 30 April 2025) ::*Dafallah al-Haj Ali, acting prime minister (30 April 2025 – 31 May 2025) ::*Kamil Idris, prime minister (since 31 May 2025) • Tunisia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Kais Saied, president (since 23 October 2019) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Youssef Chahed, prime minister (27 August 2016 – 27 February 2020) ::*Elyes Fakhfakh, prime minister (27 February 2020 – 2 September 2020) ::*Hichem Mechichi, prime minister (2 September 2020 – 25 July 2021) ::*Najla Bouden, prime minister (11 October 2021 – 1 August 2023) ::*Ahmed Hachani, prime minister (1 August 2023 – 7 August 2024) ::*Kamel Madouri, prime minister (7 August 2024 – 21 March 2025) ::*Sara Zaafarani, prime minister (since 21 March 2025) Africa: South • Botswana :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Mokgweetsi Masisi, president (1 April 2018 – 1 November 2024) ::*Duma Boko, president (since 1 November 2024) • Eswatini :*tiNgwenyama (complete list) – ::*Mswati III, Ngwenyama (since 25 April 1986) :*tiNdlovukati (complete list) – ::*Ntfombi, Ndlovukati (since 10 August 1986) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Ambrose Mandvulo Dlamini, prime minister (27 October 2018 – 13 December 2020) ::*Themba Masuku, acting prime minister (13 December 2020 – 19 July 2021) ::*Cleopas Dlamini, prime minister (19 July 2021 – 28 September 2023) ::*Mgwagwa Gamedze, acting prime minister (28 September 2023 – 4 November 2023) ::*Russell Dlamini, prime minister (since 4 November 2023) • Lesotho :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Letsie III, king (since 7 February 1996) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Tom Thabane, prime minister (16 June 2017 – 19 May 2020) ::*Moeketsi Majoro, prime minister (20 May 2020 – 28 October 2022) ::*Sam Matekane, prime minister (since 28 October 2022) • Namibia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Hage Geingob, president (21 March 2015 – 4 February 2024) ::*Nangolo Mbumba, president (4 February 2024 – 21 March 2025) ::*Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, president (since 21 March 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Saara Kuugongelwa, prime minister (21 March 2015 – 21 March 2025) ::*Elijah Ngurare, prime minister (since 21 March 2025) • South Africa :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Cyril Ramaphosa, president (since 15 February 2018) Africa: West • Benin :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Patrice Talon, president (since 6 April 2016) • Burkina Faso :*Heads of state (complete list) – ::*Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, president (29 December 2015 – 24 January 2022) ::*Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba, president of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration (24 January 2022 – 30 September 2022), interim president (31 January 2022 – 30 September 2022) ::*Ibrahim Traoré, president of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration (since 30 September 2022), interim president (since 6 October 2022) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré, prime minister (21 January 2019 – 28 December 2020, 5 January 2021 – 8 December 2021) ::*Lassina Zerbo, prime minister (10 December 2021 – 24 January 2022) ::*Albert Ouédraogo, interim prime minister (3 March 2022 – 30 September 2022) ::*Apollinaire J. Kyélem de Tambèla, interim prime minister (21 October 2022 – 6 December 2024) ::*Jean Emmanuel Ouédraogo, interim prime minister (since 7 December 2024) • Cape Verde :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Jorge Carlos Fonseca, president (9 September 2011 – 9 November 2021) ::*José Maria Neves, president (since 9 November 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Ulisses Correia e Silva, prime minister (since 22 April 2016) • Gambia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Adama Barrow, president (since 19 January 2017) • Ghana :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Nana Akufo-Addo, president (7 January 2017 – 7 January 2025) ::*John Mahama, president (since 7 January 2025) • Guinea :*Heads of state (complete list) – ::*Alpha Condé, president (21 December 2010 – 5 September 2021) ::*Mamady Doumbouya, chairman of the National Committee of Reconciliation and Development (since 5 September 2021), interim president (since 1 October 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Ibrahima Kassory Fofana, prime minister (24 May 2018 – 5 September 2021) ::*Mohamed Béavogui, interim prime minister (6 October 2021 – 17 July 2022) ::*Bernard Goumou, interim prime minister (17 July 2022 – 19 February 2024) ::*Bah Oury, interim prime minister (since 28 February 2024) • Guinea-Bissau :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*José Mário Vaz, president (23 June 2014 – 27 February 2020) ::*Umaro Sissoco Embaló, president (27 February 2020 – 26 November 2025) ::*Horta Inta-A Na Man, acting president (since 27 November 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Aristides Gomes, prime minister (8 November 2019 – 28 February 2020) ::*Nuno Gomes Nabiam, prime minister (28 February 2020 – 8 August 2023) ::*Geraldo Martins, prime minister (8 August 2023 – 21 December 2023) ::*Rui Duarte de Barros, prime minister (21 December 2023 – 7 August 2025) ::*Braima Camará, prime minister (7 August 2025 – 27 November 2025) ::*Ilídio Vieira Té, prime minister (since 28 November 2025) • Ivory Coast :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Alassane Ouattara, president (since 4 December 2010) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Amadou Gon Coulibaly, prime minister (10 January 2017 – 8 July 2020) ::*Hamed Bakayoko, prime minister (8 July 2020 – 8 March 2021) ::*Patrick Achi, prime minister (8 March 2021 – 17 October 2023) ::*Robert Beugré Mambé, prime minister (since 17 October 2023) • Liberia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*George Weah, president (22 January 2018 – 22 January 2024) ::*Joseph Boakai, president (since 22 January 2024) • Mali :*Heads of state (complete list) – ::*Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, president (4 September 2013 – 18 August 2020) ::*Assimi Goïta, chairman of the National Committee for the Salvation of the People (18 August 2020 – 25 September 2020), interim president (24 May 2021 – 8 July 2025), president (since 8 July 2025) ::*Bah Ndaw, interim president (25 September 2020 – 24 May 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Boubou Cissé, prime minister (23 April 2019 – 18 August 2020) ::*Moctar Ouane, acting prime minister (27 September 2020 – 24 May 2021) ::*Choguel Kokalla Maïga, prime minister (6 June 2021 – 20 November 2024) ::*Abdoulaye Maïga, interim prime minister (21 August 2022 – 5 December 2022, since 21 November 2024) • Mauritania :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Mohamed Ould Ghazouani, president (since 1 August 2019) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Ismail Ould Bedde Ould Cheikh Sidiya, prime minister (5 August 2019 – 6 August 2020) ::*Mohamed Ould Bilal, prime minister (6 August 2020 – 2 August 2024) ::*Mokhtar Ould Djay, prime minister (since 2 August 2024) • Niger :*Heads of state (complete list) – ::*Mahamadou Issoufou, president (7 April 2011 – 2 April 2021) ::*Mohamed Bazoum, president (2 April 2021 – 26 July 2023) ::*Abdourahamane Tchiani, president of the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland (since 28 July 2023), president (since 26 March 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Brigi Rafini, prime minister (7 April 2011 – 2 April 2021) ::*Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou, prime minister (3 April 2021 – 26 July 2023) ::*Ali Lamine Zeine, prime minister (since 8 August 2023) • Nigeria :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Muhammadu Buhari, president (29 May 2015 – 29 May 2023) ::*Bola Tinubu, president (since 29 May 2023) • Senegal :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Macky Sall, president (2 April 2012 – 2 April 2024) ::*Bassirou Diomaye Faye, president (since 2 April 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Amadou Ba, prime minister (17 September 2022 – 6 March 2024) ::*Sidiki Kaba, prime minister (6 March 2024 – 3 April 2024) ::*Ousmane Sonko, prime minister (since 3 April 2024) • Sierra Leone :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Julius Maada Bio, president (since 4 April 2018) :*Chief ministers (complete list) – ::*David J. Francis, chief minister (8 May 2018 – 30 April 2021) ::*Jacob Jusu Saffa, chief minister (30 April 2021 – 10 July 2023) ::*David Moinina Sengeh, chief minister (since 10 July 2023) • Togo :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Faure Gnassingbé, president (4 May 2005 – 3 May 2025) ::*Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové, president (since 3 May 2025) :*Heads of government (complete list) – ::*Komi Sélom Klassou, prime minister (10 June 2015 – 28 September 2020) ::*Victoire Tomegah Dogbé, prime minister (28 September 2020 – 3 May 2025) ::*Faure Gnassingbé, president of the Council of Ministers (since 3 May 2025) ==Americas==

Americas: Caribbean • Antigua and Barbuda :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (1 November 1981 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Governors-general (complete list) – ::*Rodney Williams, governor-general (since 14 August 2014) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Gaston Browne, prime minister (since 13 June 2014) • The Bahamas :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (10 July 1973 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Governors-general (complete list) – ::*Cornelius A. Smith, governor-general (28 June 2019 – 31 August 2023) ::*Cynthia A. Pratt, governor-general (since 1 September 2023) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Hubert Minnis, prime minister (11 May 2017 – 17 September 2021) ::*Philip Davis, prime minister (since 17 September 2021) • Barbados :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (30 November 1966 – 30 November 2021) :*Governors-general (complete list) – ::*Sandra Mason, governor-general (8 January 2018 – 30 November 2021) :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Sandra Mason, president (30 November 2021 – 30 November 2025) ::*Jeffrey Bostic, president (since 30 November 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Mia Mottley, prime minister (since 25 May 2018) • Cuba :*First secretaries of the Communist Party (complete list) ::*Raúl Castro, first secretary (19 April 2011 – 19 April 2021) ::*Miguel Díaz-Canel, first secretary (since 19 April 2021) :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Miguel Díaz-Canel, president (since 10 October 2019) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Manuel Marrero Cruz, prime minister (since 21 December 2019) • Dominica :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Charles Savarin, president (2 October 2013 – 2 October 2023) ::*Sylvanie Burton, president (since 2 October 2023) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Roosevelt Skerrit, prime minister (since 8 January 2004) • Dominican Republic :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Danilo Medina, president (16 August 2012 – 16 August 2020) ::*Luis Abinader, president (since 16 August 2020) • Grenada :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (7 February 1974 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Governors-general (complete list) – ::*Cécile La Grenade, governor-general (since 7 May 2013) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Keith Mitchell, prime minister (20 February 2013 – 24 June 2022) ::*Dickon Mitchell, prime minister (since 24 June 2022) • Haiti :*Heads of state (complete list) – ::*Jovenel Moïse, president (7 February 2017 – 7 July 2021) ::*Council of Ministers (7 July 2021 – 24 April 2024) ::*Edgard Leblanc Fils, chairman of the Transitional Presidential Council (25 April 2024 — 7 October 2024) ::*Leslie Voltaire, chairman of the Transitional Presidential Council (7 October 2024 – 7 March 2025) ::*Fritz Jean, chairman of the Transitional Presidential Council (7 March 2025 – 7 August 2025) ::*Laurent Saint-Cyr, chairman of the Transitional Presidential Council (since 7 August 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Jean-Michel Lapin, acting prime minister (21 March 2019 – 4 March 2020) ::*Joseph Jouthe, prime minister (4 March 2020 – 14 April 2021) ::*Claude Joseph, acting prime minister (14 April 2021 – 20 July 2021) ::*Ariel Henry, acting prime minister (20 July 2021 – 24 April 2024) ::*Michel Patrick Boisvert, acting prime minister (25 February 2024 – 3 June 2024) ::*Garry Conille, acting prime minister (3 June 2024 – 10 November 2024) ::*Alix Didier Fils-Aimé, interim prime minister (since 10 November 2024) • Jamaica :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (6 August 1962 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Governors-general (complete list) – ::*Patrick Allen, governor-general (since 26 February 2009) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Andrew Holness, prime minister (since 3 March 2016) • Saint Kitts and Nevis :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (19 September 1983 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Governors-general (complete list) – ::*Tapley Seaton, governor-general (2 September 2015 – 31 January 2023) ::*Marcella Liburd, governor-general (since 1 February 2023) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Timothy Harris, prime minister (18 February 2015 – 6 August 2022) ::*Terrance Drew, prime minister (since 6 August 2022) • Saint Lucia :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (22 February 1979 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Governors-general (complete list) – ::*Neville Cenac, governor-general (12 January 2018 – 31 October 2021) ::*Errol Charles, acting governor-general (11 November 2021 – 31 October 2024); governor-general (since 1 November 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Allen Chastanet, prime minister (7 June 2016 – 28 July 2021) ::*Philip J. Pierre, prime minister (since 28 July 2021) • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (27 October 1979 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Governors-general (complete list) – ::*Susan Dougan, governor-general (1 August 2019 – 5 January 2026) ::*Stanley John, governor-general (since 6 January 2026) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Ralph Gonsalves, prime minister (29 March 2001 – 28 November 2025) ::*Godwin Friday, prime minister (since 28 November 2025) • Trinidad and Tobago :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Paula-Mae Weekes, president (19 March 2018 – 20 March 2023) ::*Christine Kangaloo, president (since 20 March 2023) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Keith Rowley, prime minister (9 September 2015 – 17 March 2025) ::*Stuart Young, prime minister (17 March 2025 – 1 May 2025) ::*Kamla Persad-Bissessar, prime minister (since 1 May 2025) Americas: Central • Belize :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (21 September 1981 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Governors-general (complete list) – ::*Colville Young, governor-general (17 November 1993 – 30 April 2021) ::*Stuart Leslie, acting governor-general (30 April 2021 – 27 May 2021) ::*Froyla Tzalam, governor-general (since 27 May 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Dean Barrow, prime minister (8 February 2008 – 12 November 2020) ::*Johnny Briceño, prime minister (since 12 November 2020) • Costa Rica :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Carlos Alvarado Quesada, president (8 May 2018 – 8 May 2022) ::*Rodrigo Chaves Robles, president (since 8 May 2022) in 2022 • El Salvador :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Nayib Bukele, president (since 1 June 2019) ::*Claudia Rodríguez de Guevara, acting president (1 December 2023 – 1 June 2024) • Guatemala :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Jimmy Morales, president (14 January 2016 – 14 January 2020) ::*Alejandro Giammattei, president (14 January 2020 – 14 January 2024) ::*Bernardo Arévalo, president (since 14 January 2024) • Honduras :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Juan Orlando Hernández, president (27 January 2014 – 27 January 2022) ::*Xiomara Castro, president (since 27 January 2022 – 27 January 2026) ::*Nasry Asfura, president (since 27 January 2026) • Mexico :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Andrés Manuel López Obrador, president (1 December 2018 – 30 September 2024) ::*Claudia Sheinbaum, president (since 1 October 2024) • Nicaragua :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Daniel Ortega, president (10 January 2007 – 18 February 2025); co-president (since 18 February 2025) ::*Rosario Murillo, co-president (since 18 February 2025) • Panama :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Laurentino Cortizo, president (1 July 2019 – 1 July 2024) ::*José Raúl Mulino, president (since 1 July 2024) Americas: North • Canada :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Governors general (complete list) – ::*Julie Payette, governor general (2 October 2017 – 22 January 2021) ::*Mary Simon, governor general (since 26 July 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Justin Trudeau, prime minister (4 November 2015 – 14 March 2025) ::*Mark Carney, prime minister (since 14 March 2025) • United States :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Donald Trump, president (20 January 2017 – 20 January 2021, since 20 January 2025) ::*Joe Biden, president (20 January 2021 – 20 January 2025) Americas: South • Argentina :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Alberto Fernández, president (10 December 2019 – 10 December 2023) ::*Javier Milei, president (since 10 December 2023) • Bolivia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Jeanine Áñez, president (12 November 2019 – 8 November 2020) ::*Luis Arce, president (8 November 2020 – 8 November 2025) ::*Rodrigo Paz Pereira, president (since 8 November 2025) • Brazil :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Jair Bolsonaro, president (1 January 2019 – 1 January 2023) ::*Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, president (since 1 January 2023) • Chile :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Sebastián Piñera, president (11 March 2018 – 11 March 2022) ::*Gabriel Boric, president (since 11 March 2022) • Colombia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Iván Duque, president (7 August 2018 – 7 August 2022) ::*Gustavo Petro, president (since 7 August 2022) • Ecuador :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Lenín Moreno, president (24 May 2017 – 24 May 2021) ::*Guillermo Lasso, president (24 May 2021 – 23 November 2023) ::*Daniel Noboa, president (since 23 November 2023) • Guyana :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*David A. Granger, president (16 May 2015 – 2 August 2020) ::*Irfaan Ali, president (since 2 August 2020) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Moses Nagamootoo, prime minister (20 May 2015 – 2 August 2020) ::*Mark Phillips, prime minister (since 2 August 2020) • Paraguay :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Mario Abdo Benítez, president (15 August 2018 – 15 August 2023) ::*Santiago Peña, president (since 15 August 2023) • Peru :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Martín Vizcarra, president (23 March 2018 – 9 November 2020) ::*Manuel Merino, president (10 November 2020 – 15 November 2020) ::*Francisco Sagasti, president (17 November 2020 – 28 July 2021) ::*Pedro Castillo, president (28 July 2021 – 7 December 2022) ::*Dina Boluarte, president (7 December 2022 – 10 October 2025) ::*José Jerí, president (since 10 October 2025 – 17 February 2026) ::*José María Balcázar, president (since 18 February 2026) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Vicente Zeballos, prime minister (30 September 2019 – 15 July 2020) ::*Pedro Cateriano, prime minister (15 July 2020 – 6 August 2020) ::*Walter Martos, prime minister (6 August 2020 – 9 November 2020) ::*Ántero Flores Aráoz, prime minister (11 November 2020 – 15 November 2020) ::*Violeta Bermúdez, prime minister (18 November 2020 – 28 July 2021) ::*Guido Bellido, prime minister (29 July 2021 – 6 October 2021) ::*Mirtha Vásquez, prime minister (6 October 2021 – 1 February 2022) ::*Héctor Valer, prime minister (1 February 2022 – 8 February 2022) ::*Aníbal Torres, prime minister (8 February 2022 – 24 November 2022) ::*Betssy Chávez, prime minister (26 November 2022 – 7 December 2022) ::*Pedro Angulo Arana, prime minister (11 December 2022 – 21 December 2022) ::*Alberto Otárola, prime minister (21 December 2022 – 5 March 2024) ::*Gustavo Adrianzén, prime minister (6 March 2024 – 13 May 2025) ::*Eduardo Arana Ysa, prime minister (14 May 2025 – 14 October 2025) ::*Ernesto Álvarez Miranda, prime minister (14 October 2025 – 23 February 2026) ::*Denisse Miralles, prime minister (since 24 February 2026) • Suriname :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Dési Bouterse, president (12 August 2010 – 16 July 2020) ::*Chan Santokhi, president (16 July 2020 – 16 July 2025) ::*Jennifer Geerlings-Simons, president (since 16 July 2025) • Uruguay :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Tabaré Vázquez, president (1 March 2015 – 1 March 2020) ::*Luis Lacalle Pou, president (1 March 2020 – 1 March 2025) ::*Yamandú Orsi, president (since 1 March 2025) • Venezuela :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Nicolás Maduro, president (19 April 2013 – 3 January 2026, disputed from 23 January 2019 – 5 January 2023) ::*Juan Guaidó, acting president (23 January 2019 – 5 January 2023, disputed with Nicolás Maduro) ::*Delcy Rodríguez, acting president (since 3 January 2026) ==Asia==

Joe Biden, 19 September 2023. From left to right: Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Emomali Rahmon, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Joe Biden, Sadyr Japarov and Serdar Berdimuhamedow Asia: Central • Kazakhstan :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, president (since 12 June 2019) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Asqar Mamin, prime minister (21 February 2019 – 5 January 2022) ::*Älihan Smaiylov, acting prime minister (5 January 2022 – 11 January 2022); prime minister (11 January 2022 – 5 February 2024) ::*Roman Sklyar, acting prime minister (5 February 2024 – 6 February 2024) ::*Oljas Bektenov, prime minister (since 6 February 2024) • Kyrgyzstan :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Sooronbay Jeenbekov, president (24 November 2017 – 15 October 2020) ::*Sadyr Japarov, acting president (15 October 2020 – 14 November 2020); president (since 28 January 2021) ::*Talant Mamytov, acting president (14 November 2020 – 28 January 2021) :*Heads of government (complete list) – ::*Mukhammedkalyi Abylgaziev, prime minister (20 April 2018 – 15 June 2020) ::*Kubatbek Boronov, prime minister (17 June 2020 – 6 October 2020) ::*Sadyr Japarov, acting prime minister (6 October 2020 – 10 October 2020, disputed with Almazbek Batyrbekov after 9 October 2020); prime minister (10 October 2020 – 14 November 2020, disputed with Almazbek Batyrbekov before 14 October 2020) ::*Almazbek Batyrbekov, acting prime minister (9 October 2020 – 14 October 2020, disputed with Sadyr Japarov) ::*Artem Novikov, acting prime minister (14 November 2020 – 3 February 2021) ::*Ulukbek Maripov, prime minister (3 February 2021 – 5 May 2021); chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (5 May 2021 – 12 October 2021) ::*Akylbek Japarov, acting chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (12 October 2021 – 13 October 2021); chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (13 October 2021 – 16 December 2024) ::*Adylbek Kasymaliev, acting chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (16 December 2024 – 18 December 2024); chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (since 18 December 2024) • Tajikistan :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Emomali Rahmon, president (since 16 November 1994) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Kokhir Rasulzoda, prime minister (since 23 November 2013) • Turkmenistan :*Heads of state and government (complete list) – ::*Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, president (14 February 2007 – 19 March 2022); chairman of the People's Council (since 21 January 2023) ::*Serdar Berdimuhamedow, president (since 19 March 2022) • Uzbekistan :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Shavkat Mirziyoyev, president (since 14 December 2016) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Abdulla Aripov, prime minister (since 14 December 2016) Asia: East • China :*General secretaries of the Chinese Communist Party (complete list) and paramount leaders (complete list) – ::*Xi Jinping, general secretary and paramount leader (since 15 November 2012) :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Xi Jinping, president (since 14 March 2013) :*Premiers (complete list) – ::*Li Keqiang, premier (15 March 2013 – 11 March 2023) ::*Li Qiang, premier (since 11 March 2023) • Japan :*Emperors (complete list) – ::*Naruhito, emperor (since 1 May 2019) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Shinzo Abe, prime minister (26 December 2012 – 16 September 2020) ::*Yoshihide Suga, prime minister (16 September 2020 – 4 October 2021) ::*Fumio Kishida, prime minister (4 October 2021 – 1 October 2024) ::*Shigeru Ishiba, prime minister (1 October 2024 – 21 October 2025) ::*Sanae Takaichi, prime minister (since 21 October 2025) • North Korea :*Leaders of the Workers' Party of Korea (complete list) – ::*Kim Jong Un, chairman (9 May 2016 – 10 January 2021); general secretary (since 10 January 2021) :*President of the State Affairs Commission (complete list) ::*Kim Jong Un, president of the State Affairs Commission (since 29 June 2016) :*Premiers (complete list) – ::*Kim Jae-ryong, premier (11 April 2019 – 13 August 2020) ::*Kim Tok-hun, premier (13 August 2020 – 29 December 2024) ::*Pak Thae-song, premier (since 29 December 2024) • South Korea :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Moon Jae-in, president (10 May 2017 – 10 May 2022) ::*Yoon Suk Yeol, president (10 May 2022 – 4 April 2025) ::*Han Duck-soo, acting president (14 December 2024 – 27 December 2024, 24 March 2025 – 1 May 2025) ::*Choi Sang-mok, acting president (27 December 2024 – 24 March 2025) ::*Lee Ju-ho, acting president (2 May 2025 – 4 June 2025) ::*Lee Jae Myung, president (since 4 June 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Lee Nak-yon, prime minister (31 May 2017 – 14 January 2020) ::*Chung Sye-kyun, prime minister (14 January 2020 – 16 April 2021) ::*Hong Nam-ki, acting prime minister (16 April 2021 – 13 May 2021) ::*Kim Boo-kyum, prime minister (14 May 2021 – 11 May 2022) ::*Choo Kyung-ho, acting prime minister (12 May 2022 – 20 May 2022) ::*Han Duck-soo, prime minister (21 May 2022 – 1 May 2025) ::*Choi Sang-mok, acting prime minister (27 December 2024 – 24 March 2025) ::*Lee Ju-ho, acting prime minister (2 May 2025 – 3 July 2025) ::*Kim Min-seok, prime minister (since 3 July 2025) • Mongolia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Khaltmaagiin Battulga, president (10 July 2017 – 25 June 2021) ::*Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh, president (since 25 June 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh, prime minister (4 October 2017 – 27 January 2021) ::*Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene, prime minister (27 January 2021 – 13 June 2025) ::*Gombojavyn Zandanshatar, prime minister (since 13 June 2025) • Taiwan :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Tsai Ing-wen, president (20 May 2016 – 20 May 2024) ::*Lai Ching-te, president (since 20 May 2024) :*Premiers (complete list) – ::*Su Tseng-chang, premier (14 January 2019 – 31 January 2023) ::*Chen Chien-jen, premier (31 January 2023 – 20 May 2024) ::*Cho Jung-tai, premier (since 20 May 2024) Asia: Southeast • Brunei :*Sultans (complete list) – ::*Hassanal Bolkiah, sultan (since 5 October 1967) :*Prime mimisters (complete list) – ::*Hassanal Bolkiah, prime minister (since 1 January 1984) • Cambodia :*President of the Cambodian People's Party (complete list) – ::*Hun Sen, president (since 20 June 2015) :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Norodom Sihamoni, king (since 14 October 2004) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Hun Sen, prime minister (30 November 1998 – 22 August 2023) ::*Hun Manet, prime minister (since 22 August 2023) • Indonesia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Joko Widodo, president (20 October 2014 – 20 October 2024) ::*Prabowo Subianto, president (since 20 October 2024) • Laos :*General secretaries of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (complete list) – ::*Bounnhang Vorachit, general secretary (22 January 2016 – 15 January 2021) ::*Thongloun Sisoulith, general secretary (since 15 January 2021) :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Bounnhang Vorachit, president (20 April 2016 – 22 March 2021) ::*Thongloun Sisoulith, president (since 22 March 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Thongloun Sisoulith, prime minister (20 April 2016 – 22 March 2021) ::*Phankham Viphavanh, prime minister (22 March 2021 – 30 December 2022) ::*Sonexay Siphandone, prime minister (since 30 December 2022) • Malaysia :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Abdullah, king (31 January 2019 – 30 January 2024) ::*Ibrahim Iskandar, king (since 31 January 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Mahathir Mohamad, prime minister (10 May 2018 – 24 February 2020); interim prime minister (24 February 2020 – 1 March 2020) ::*Muhyiddin Yassin, prime minister (1 March 2020 – 16 August 2021); caretaker prime minister (16 August 2021 – 21 August 2021) ::*Ismail Sabri Yaakob, prime minister (21 August 2021 – 24 November 2022) ::*Anwar Ibrahim, prime minister (since 24 November 2022) • Myanmar :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Win Myint, president (30 March 2018 – 1 February 2021) ::*Myint Swe, acting president (1 February 2021 – 7 August 2025) ::*Min Aung Hlaing, acting president (since 22 July 2024) :*State counsellors (complete list) – ::*Aung San Suu Kyi, state counsellor (6 April 2016 – 1 February 2021) :*Chairmen of the State Administration Council (complete list) – ::*Min Aung Hlaing, chairman (2 February 2021 – 31 July 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Min Aung Hlaing, prime minister (1 August 2021 – 31 July 2025) ::*Nyo Saw, prime minister (since 31 July 2025) :*Chairmen of the State Security and Peace Commission (complete list) – ::*Min Aung Hlaing, chairman (since 31 July 2025) • Philippines :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Rodrigo Duterte, president (30 June 2016 – 30 June 2022) ::*Bongbong Marcos, president (since 30 June 2022) • Singapore :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Halimah Yacob, president (14 September 2017 – 14 September 2023) ::*Tharman Shanmugaratnam, president (since 14 September 2023) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Lee Hsien Loong, prime minister (12 August 2004 – 15 May 2024) ::*Lawrence Wong, prime minister (since 15 May 2024) • Thailand :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Vajiralongkorn, King (since 13 October 2016) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Prayut Chan-o-cha, prime minister (24 August 2014 – 22 August 2023) ::*Prawit Wongsuwon, acting prime minister (24 August 2022 – 30 September 2022) ::*Srettha Thavisin, prime minister (22 August 2023 – 14 August 2024) ::*Phumtham Wechayachai, acting prime minister (14 August 2024 – 16 August 2024, 3 July 2025 – 7 September 2025) ::*Paetongtarn Shinawatra, prime minister (16 August 2024 – 29 August 2025) ::*Suriya Juangroongruangkit, acting prime minister (1 July 2025 – 3 July 2025) ::*Anutin Charnvirakul, prime minister (since 7 September 2025) • Timor-Leste :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Francisco Guterres, president (20 May 2017 – 20 May 2022) ::*José Ramos-Horta, president (since 20 May 2022) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Taur Matan Ruak, prime minister (22 June 2018 – 1 July 2023) ::*Xanana Gusmão, prime minister (since 1 July 2023) • Vietnam :*General secretaries of the Communist Party of Vietnam (complete list) – ::*Nguyễn Phú Trọng, general secretary (19 January 2011 – 19 July 2024) ::*Tô Lâm, acting general secretary (19 July 2024 – 3 August 2024); general secretary (since 3 August 2024) :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Nguyễn Phú Trọng, president (23 October 2018 – 5 April 2021) ::*Nguyễn Xuân Phúc, president (5 April 2021 – 18 January 2023) ::*Võ Thị Ánh Xuân, acting president (18 January 2023 – 2 March 2023, 21 March 2024 – 22 May 2024) ::*Võ Văn Thưởng, president (2 March 2023 – 21 March 2024) ::*Tô Lâm, president (22 May 2024 – 21 October 2024) ::*Lương Cường, president (since 21 October 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Nguyễn Xuân Phúc, prime minister (7 April 2016 – 5 April 2021) ::*Phạm Minh Chính, prime minister (since 5 April 2021) Asia: South • Afghanistan :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Ashraf Ghani, president (29 September 2014 – 15 August 2021) :*Chief executives (complete list) – ::*Abdullah Abdullah, chief executive (29 September 2014 – 9 March 2020) :*Supreme leaders (complete list) – ::*Hibatullah Akhundzada, supreme leader (since 15 August 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Hasan Akhund, acting prime minister (7 September 2021 – 19 August 2025); prime minister (since 19 August 2025) ::*Abdul Kabir, acting prime minister (17 May 2023 – 17 July 2023) • Bangladesh :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Mohammad Abdul Hamid, president (24 April 2013 – 24 April 2023) ::*Mohammed Shahabuddin, president (since 24 April 2023) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Sheikh Hasina, prime minister (6 January 2009 – 5 August 2024) ::*Tarique Rahman, prime minister (since 17 February 2026) :*Chief advisers (complete list) – ::*Muhammad Yunus, chief adviser (8 August 2024 – 17 February 2026) • Bhutan :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, king (since 9 December 2006) :*Heads of government (complete list) – ::*Lotay Tshering, prime minister (7 November 2018 – 1 November 2023) ::*Chogyal Dago Rigdzin, chief advisor (1 November 2023 – 28 January 2024) ::*Tshering Tobgay, prime minister (since 28 January 2024) • India :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Ram Nath Kovind, president (25 July 2017 – 25 July 2022) ::*Droupadi Murmu, president (since 25 July 2022) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Narendra Modi, prime minister (since 26 May 2014) • Iran :*Supreme leaders (complete list) – ::*Ali Khamenei, supreme leader (6 August 1989 – 28 February 2026) ::*Mojtaba Khamenei, supreme leader (since March 8, 2026) :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Hassan Rouhani, president (3 August 2013 – 3 August 2021) ::*Ebrahim Raisi, president (3 August 2021 – 19 May 2024) ::*Mohammad Mokhber, acting president (19 May 2024 – 28 July 2024) ::*Masoud Pezeshkian, president (since 28 July 2024) • Maldives :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Ibrahim Mohamed Solih, president (17 November 2018 – 17 November 2023) ::*Mohamed Muizzu, president (since 17 November 2023) • Nepal :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Bidya Devi Bhandari, president (29 October 2015 – 13 March 2023) ::*Ram Chandra Poudel, president (since 13 March 2023) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*K. P. Sharma Oli, prime minister (15 February 2018 – 13 July 2021, 15 July 2024 – 9 September 2025) ::*Sher Bahadur Deuba, prime minister (13 July 2021 – 26 December 2022) ::*Pushpa Kamal Dahal, prime minister (26 December 2022 – 15 July 2024) ::*Sushila Karki, interim prime minister (since 12 September 2025) • Pakistan :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Arif Alvi, president (9 September 2018 – 10 March 2024) ::*Asif Ali Zardari, president (since 10 March 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Imran Khan, prime minister (18 August 2018 – 10 April 2022) ::*Shehbaz Sharif, prime minister (11 April 2022 – 14 August 2023, since 4 March 2024) ::*Anwaar ul Haq Kakar, caretaker prime minister (14 August 2023 – 4 March 2024) • Sri Lanka :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Gotabaya Rajapaksa, president (18 November 2019 – 14 July 2022) ::*Ranil Wickremesinghe, acting president (14 July 2022 – 21 July 2022); president (21 July 2022 – 23 September 2024) ::*Anura Kumara Dissanayake, president (since 23 September 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Mahinda Rajapaksa, prime minister (21 November 2019 – 9 May 2022) ::*Ranil Wickremesinghe, prime minister (12 May 2022 – 21 July 2022) ::*Dinesh Gunawardena, prime minister (22 July 2022 – 23 September 2024) ::*Harini Amarasuriya, prime minister (since 24 September 2024) Asia: West • Abkhazia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Raul Khajimba, president (25 September 2014 – 12 January 2020) ::*Valeri Bganba, acting president (13 January 2020 – 23 April 2020) ::*Aslan Bzhania, president (23 April 2020 – 19 November 2024) ::*Badra Gunba, acting president (19 November 2024 – 2 April 2025); president (since 2 April 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Valeri Bganba, prime minister (18 September 2018 – 23 April 2020); acting prime minister (18 November 2024 – 3 March 2025) ::*Alexander Ankvab, prime minister (23 April 2020 – 18 November 2024) ::*Vladimir Delba, acting prime minister (3 March 2025 – 3 April 2025); prime minister (since 3 April 2025) • Armenia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Armen Sarkissian, president (9 April 2018 – 1 February 2022) ::*Alen Simonyan, acting president (1 February 2022 – 13 March 2022) ::*Vahagn Khachaturyan, president (since 13 March 2022) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Nikol Pashinyan, prime minister (since 8 May 2018) • Artsakh :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Bako Sahakyan, president (7 September 2007 – 21 May 2020) ::*Arayik Harutyunyan, president (21 May 2020 – 1 September 2023) ::*Davit Ishkhanyan, acting president (1 September 2023 – 10 September 2023) ::*Samvel Shahramanyan, president (10 September 2023 – 1 January 2024) • Azerbaijan :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Ilham Aliyev, president (since 31 October 2003) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Ali Asadov, prime minister (since 8 October 2019) • Bahrain :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, king (since 14 February 2002) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, prime minister (10 January 1970 – 11 November 2020) ::*Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, prime minister (since 11 November 2020) • Cyprus :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Nicos Anastasiades, president (28 February 2013 – 28 February 2023) ::*Nikos Christodoulides, president (since 28 February 2023) • Northern Cyprus :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Mustafa Akıncı, president (30 April 2015 – 23 October 2020) ::*Ersin Tatar, president (23 October 2020 – 23 October 2025) ::*Tufan Erhürman, president (since 23 October 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Ersin Tatar, prime minister (22 May 2019 – 23 October 2020) ::*Ersan Saner, prime minister (9 December 2020 – 5 November 2021) ::*Faiz Sucuoğlu, prime minister (5 November 2021 – 12 May 2022) ::*Ünal Üstel, prime minister (since 12 May 2022) • Georgia :*Honorary chairmen of Georgian Dream – ::*Bidzina Ivanishvili, honorary chairman (since 30 December 2023) :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Salome Zourabichvili, president (since 16 December 2018, disputed with Mikheil Kavelashvili since 29 December 2024) ::*Mikheil Kavelashvili, president (since 29 December 2024, disputed with Salome Zourabichvili) :*Heads of government (complete list) – ::*Giorgi Gakharia, prime minister (8 September 2019 – 18 February 2021) ::*Maya Tskitishvili, acting prime minister (18 February 2021 – 22 February 2021) ::*Irakli Garibashvili, prime minister (22 February 2021 – 8 February 2024) ::*Irakli Kobakhidze, prime minister (since 8 February 2024) • Iraq :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Barham Salih, president (2 October 2018 – 17 October 2022) ::*Abdul Latif Rashid, president (since 17 October 2022) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Adil Abdul-Mahdi, prime minister (25 October 2018 – 7 May 2020) ::*Mustafa Al-Kadhimi, prime minister (7 May 2020 – 27 October 2022) ::*Mohammed Shia' al-Sudani, prime minister (since 27 October 2022) • Israel :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Reuven Rivlin, president (24 July 2014 – 7 July 2021) ::*Isaac Herzog, president (since 7 July 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Benjamin Netanyahu, caretaker prime minister (9 April 2019 – 17 May 2020); prime minister (17 May 2020 – 13 June 2021, since 29 December 2022) ::*Naftali Bennett, prime minister (13 June 2021 – 30 June 2022) ::*Yair Lapid, prime minister (1 July 2022 – 29 December 2022) • Jordan :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Abdullah II, king (since 7 February 1999) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Omar Razzaz, prime minister (14 June 2018 – 12 October 2020) ::*Bisher Khasawneh, prime minister (12 October 2020 – 15 September 2024) ::*Jafar Hassan, prime minister (since 15 September 2024) • Kuwait :*Emirs (complete list) – ::*Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, emir (24 January 2006 – 29 September 2020) ::*Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, emir (29 September 2020 – 16 December 2023) ::*Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, emir (since 16 December 2023) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah, prime minister (19 November 2019 – 24 July 2022) ::*Ahmad Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, prime minister (24 July 2022 – 17 January 2024) ::*Mohammad Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah, prime minister (17 January 2024 – 15 May 2024) ::*Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah, prime minister (since 15 May 2024) • Lebanon :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Michel Aoun, president (31 October 2016 – 31 October 2022) ::*Najib Mikati, acting president (31 October 2022 – 9 January 2025) ::*Joseph Aoun, president (since 9 January 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Saad Hariri, prime minister (18 December 2016 – 21 January 2020) ::*Hassan Diab, prime minister (21 January 2020 – 10 August 2020); caretaker prime minister (10 August 2020 – 10 September 2021) ::*Najib Mikati, prime minister (10 September 2021 – 8 February 2025) ::*Nawaf Salam, prime minister (since 8 February 2025) • Oman :*Sultans (complete list) – ::*Qaboos bin Said, sultan (23 July 1970 – 10 January 2020) ::*Haitham bin Tariq, sultan (since 11 January 2020) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Qaboos bin Said, prime minister (2 January 1972 – 10 January 2020) ::*Haitham bin Tariq, prime minister (since 11 January 2020) • Palestine :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Mahmoud Abbas, president (since 23 November 2008) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Mohammad Shtayyeh, prime minister (14 April 2019 – 31 March 2024) ::*Mohammad Mustafa, prime minister (since 31 March 2024) • Qatar :*Emirs (complete list) – ::*Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, emir (since 25 June 2013) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Abdullah bin Nasser Al Thani, prime minister (26 June 2013 – 28 January 2020) ::*Khalid bin Khalifa bin Abdul Aziz Al Thani, prime minister (28 January 2020 – 7 March 2023) ::*Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani, prime minister (since 7 March 2023) • Saudi Arabia :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Salman, king (since 23 January 2015) :*Prime minister (complete list) – ::*Salman, prime minister (23 January 2015 – 27 September 2022) ::*Mohammed bin Salman, prime minister (since 27 September 2022) • South Ossetia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Anatoly Bibilov, president (21 April 2017 – 24 May 2022) ::*Alan Gagloev, president (since 24 May 2022) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Erik Pukhayev, prime minister (16 May 2017 – 29 August 2020) ::*Gennady Bekoyev, acting prime minister (29 August 2020 – 20 June 2022) ::*Konstantin Dzhussoev, prime minister (since 20 June 2022) • Syria :*Heads of state (complete list) – ::*Bashar al-Assad, president (17 July 2000 – 8 December 2024) ::*Ahmed al-Sharaa, de facto leader (8 December 2024 – 29 January 2025); president (since 29 January 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Imad Khamis, prime minister (3 July 2016 – 11 June 2020) ::*Hussein Arnous, acting prime minister (11 June 2020 – 2 September 2020); prime minister (2 September 2020 – 14 September 2024) ::*Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali, prime minister (14 September 2024 – 8 December 2024); acting prime minister (8 December 2024 – 10 December 2024) ::*Mohammed al-Bashir, prime minister (10 December 2024 – 29 March 2025) • Turkey :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, president (since 28 August 2014) • United Arab Emirates :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, president (3 November 2004 – 13 May 2022) ::*Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, acting president (13 May 2022 – 14 May 2022) ::*Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, president (since 14 May 2022) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, prime minister (since 11 February 2006) • Yemen :*Heads of state (complete list) – ::*Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi, president (25 February 2012 – 7 April 2022) ::*Rashad al-Alimi, chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council (since 7 April 2022) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed, prime minister (15 October 2018 – 5 February 2024) ::*Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak, prime minister (5 February 2024 – 3 May 2025) ::*Salem Saleh bin Braik, prime minister (3 May 2025 – 15 January 2026) ::*Shaea al-Zindani, prime minister (since 15 January 2026) ==Europe==

Europe: East • Belarus :*Chairmen of the All-Belarusian People's Assembly – ::*Alexander Lukashenko, chairman (since 24 April 2024) :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Alexander Lukashenko, president (since 20 July 1994) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Syarhey Rumas, prime minister (18 August 2018 – 3 June 2020) ::*Roman Golovchenko, prime minister (4 June 2020 – 10 March 2025) ::*Alexander Turchin, prime minister (since 10 March 2025) • Bulgaria :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Rumen Radev, president (22 January 2017 – 23 January 2026) ::*Iliana Iotova, president (since 23 January 2026) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Boyko Borisov, prime minister (4 May 2017 – 12 May 2021) ::*Stefan Yanev, prime minister (12 May 2021 – 13 December 2021) ::*Kiril Petkov, prime minister (13 December 2021 – 2 August 2022) ::*Galab Donev, prime minister (2 August 2022 – 6 June 2023) ::*Nikolai Denkov, prime minister (6 June 2023 – 9 April 2024) ::*Dimitar Glavchev, acting prime minister (9 April 2024 – 16 January 2025) ::*Rosen Zhelyazkov, prime minister (16 January 2025 – 19 February 2026) ::*Andrey Gyurov, acting prime minister (since 19 February 2026) • Czech Republic :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Miloš Zeman, president (8 March 2013 – 8 March 2023) ::*Petr Pavel, president (since 9 March 2023) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Andrej Babiš, prime minister (6 December 2017 – 28 November 2021) ::*Petr Fiala, prime minister (28 November 2021 – 15 December 2025) ::*Andrej Babiš, prime minister (since 9 December 2025) • Donetsk People's Republic :*Heads (complete list) – ::*Denis Pushilin, head (20 November 2018 – 30 September 2022) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Alexander Ananchenko, prime minister (1 December 2018 – 8 June 2022) ::*Vitaliy Khotsenko, prime minister (8 June 2022 – 30 September 2022) • Hungary :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*János Áder, president (10 May 2012 – 10 May 2022) ::*Katalin Novák, president (10 May 2022 – 26 February 2024) ::*László Kövér, acting president (26 February 2024 – 5 March 2024) ::*Tamás Sulyok, president (since 5 March 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Viktor Orbán, prime minister (since 29 May 2010) • Luhansk People's Republic :*Heads (complete list) – ::*Leonid Pasechnik, head (21 November 2018 – 30 September 2022) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Sergey Kozlov, prime minister (26 December 2015 – 30 September 2022) • Moldova :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Igor Dodon, president (23 December 2016 – 24 December 2020) ::*Maia Sandu, president (since 24 December 2020) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Ion Chicu, prime minister (14 November 2019 – 31 December 2020) ::*Aureliu Ciocoi, acting prime minister (31 December 2020 – 6 August 2021) ::*Natalia Gavrilița, prime minister (6 August 2021 – 16 February 2023) ::*Dorin Recean, prime minister (16 February 2023 – 1 November 2025) ::*Alexandru Munteanu, prime minister (since 1 November 2025) • Poland :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Andrzej Duda, president (6 August 2015 – 6 August 2025) ::*Karol Nawrocki, president (since 6 August 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Mateusz Morawiecki, Prime minister (11 December 2017 – 13 December 2023) ::*Donald Tusk, prime minister (since 13 December 2023) • Romania :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Klaus Iohannis, president (21 December 2014 – 12 February 2025) ::*Ilie Bolojan, acting president (12 February 2025 – 26 May 2025) ::*Nicușor Dan, president (since 26 May 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Ludovic Orban, prime minister (4 November 2019 – 7 December 2020) ::*Nicolae Ciucă, acting prime minister (7 December 2020 – 23 December 2020); prime minister (25 November 2021 – 12 June 2023) ::*Florin Cîțu, prime minister (23 December 2020 – 25 November 2021) ::*Cătălin Predoiu, acting prime minister (12 June 2023 – 15 June 2023, 6 May 2025 – 23 June 2025) ::*Marcel Ciolacu, prime minister (15 June 2023 – 6 May 2025) ::*Ilie Bolojan, prime minister (since 23 June 2025) • Russia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Vladimir Putin, president (since 7 May 2012) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Dmitry Medvedev, prime minister (8 May 2012 – 16 January 2020) ::*Mikhail Mishustin, prime minister (16 January 2020 – 30 April 2020, since 19 May 2020) ::*Andrey Belousov, acting prime minister (30 April 2020 – 19 May 2020) • Slovakia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Zuzana Čaputová, president (15 June 2019 – 15 June 2024) ::*Peter Pellegrini, president (since 15 June 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Peter Pellegrini, prime minister (22 March 2018 – 21 March 2020) ::*Igor Matovič, prime minister (21 March 2020 – 1 April 2021) ::*Eduard Heger, prime minister (1 April 2021 – 15 May 2023) ::*Ľudovít Ódor, prime minister (15 May 2023 – 25 October 2023) ::*Robert Fico, prime minister (since 25 October 2023) • Transnistria :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Vadim Krasnoselsky, president (since 16 December 2016) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Aleksandr Martynov, prime minister (17 December 2016 – 26 May 2022) ::*Stanislav Kasap, acting prime minister (26 May 2022 – 30 May 2022) ::*Aleksandr Rozenberg, prime minister (since 30 May 2022) • Ukraine :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Volodymyr Zelenskyy, president (since 20 May 2019) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Oleksiy Honcharuk, prime minister (29 August 2019 – 4 March 2020) ::*Denys Shmyhal, prime minister (4 March 2020 – 17 July 2025) ::*Yulia Svyrydenko, prime minister (since 17 July 2025) Europe: North • Denmark :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Margrethe II, queen (14 January 1972 – 14 January 2024) ::*Frederik X, king (since 14 January 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Mette Frederiksen, prime minister (since 27 June 2019) • Estonia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Kersti Kaljulaid, president (10 October 2016 – 11 October 2021) ::*Alar Karis, president (since 11 October 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Jüri Ratas, prime minister (23 November 2016 – 26 January 2021) ::*Kaja Kallas, prime minister (26 January 2021 – 23 July 2024) ::*Kristen Michal, prime minister (since 23 July 2024) • Finland :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Sauli Niinistö, president (1 March 2012 – 1 March 2024) ::*Alexander Stubb, president (since 1 March 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Sanna Marin, prime minister (10 December 2019 – 20 June 2023) ::*Petteri Orpo, prime minister (since 20 June 2023) • Iceland :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Guðni Th. Jóhannesson, president (1 August 2016 – 1 August 2024) ::*Halla Tómasdóttir, president (since 1 August 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Katrín Jakobsdóttir, prime minister (30 November 2017 – 9 April 2024) ::*Bjarni Benediktsson, prime minister (9 April 2024 – 21 December 2024) ::*Kristrún Frostadóttir, prime minister (since 21 December 2024) • Ireland :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Michael D. Higgins, president (11 November 2011 – 10 November 2025) ::*Catherine Connolly, president (since 11 November 2025) :*Taoisigh (complete list) – ::*Leo Varadkar, Taoiseach (14 June 2017 – 27 June 2020, 17 December 2022 – 9 April 2024) ::*Micheál Martin, Taoiseach (27 June 2020 – 17 December 2022, since 23 January 2025) ::*Simon Harris, Taoiseach (9 April 2024 – 23 January 2025) • Latvia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Egils Levits, president (8 July 2019 – 8 July 2023) ::*Edgars Rinkēvičs, president (since 8 July 2023) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Krišjānis Kariņš, prime minister (23 January 2019 – 15 September 2023) ::*Evika Siliņa, prime minister (since 15 September 2023) • Lithuania :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Gitanas Nausėda, president (since 12 July 2019) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Saulius Skvernelis, prime minister (13 December 2016 – 11 December 2020) ::*Ingrida Šimonytė, prime minister (11 December 2020 – 12 December 2024) ::*Gintautas Paluckas, prime minister (12 December 2024 – 4 August 2025) ::*Rimantas Šadžius, acting prime minister (4 August 2025 – 25 September 2025) ::*Inga Ruginienė, prime minister (since 25 September 2025) • Norway :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Harald V, king (since 17 January 1991) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Erna Solberg, prime minister (16 October 2013 – 14 October 2021) ::*Jonas Gahr Støre, prime minister (since 14 October 2021) • Sweden :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Carl XVI Gustaf, king (since 15 September 1973) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Stefan Löfven, prime minister (3 October 2014 – 30 November 2021) ::*Magdalena Andersson, prime minister (30 November 2021 – 18 October 2022) ::*Ulf Kristersson, prime minister (since 18 October 2022) • United Kingdom :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Boris Johnson, prime minister (24 July 2019 – 6 September 2022) ::*Liz Truss, prime minister (6 September 2022 – 25 October 2022) ::*Rishi Sunak, prime minister (25 October 2022 – 5 July 2024) ::*Keir Starmer, prime minister (since 5 July 2024) Europe: South • Albania :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Ilir Meta, president (24 July 2017 – 24 July 2022) ::*Bajram Begaj, president (since 24 July 2022) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Edi Rama, prime minister (since 11 September 2013) • Andorra :*Co-princes (complete list) – ::*Joan Enric Vives i Sicília, episcopal co-prince (12 May 2003 – 31 May 2025) ::*Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat, episcopal co-prince (since 31 May 2025) ::*Emmanuel Macron, French co-prince (since 14 May 2017) :*Representatives of co-princes (complete list) – ::*Josep Maria Mauri, representative of the episcopal co-prince (20 July 2012 – 27 November 2023) ::*Eduard Ibáñez, representative of the episcopal co-prince (since 27 November 2023) ::*Patrick Strzoda, representative of the French co-prince (14 May 2017 – 20 November 2024) ::*Patrice Faure, representative of the French co-prince (since 20 November 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Xavier Espot Zamora, prime minister (since 16 May 2019) • Bosnia and Herzegovina :*High representatives (complete list) – ::*Valentin Inzko, high representative (26 March 2009 – 31 July 2021) ::*Christian Schmidt, high representative (since 1 August 2021) :*Presidency (complete list) – ::*Chairmen (complete list) – :::*Željko Komšić, chairman (20 July 2019 – 20 March 2020, 20 July 2021 – 20 March 2022, 16 July 2023 – 16 March 2024, since 16 July 2025) :::*Šefik Džaferović, chairman (20 March 2020 – 20 November 2020, 20 March 2022 – 16 November 2022) :::*Milorad Dodik, chairman (20 November 2020 – 20 July 2021) :::*Željka Cvijanović, chairwoman (16 November 2022 – 16 July 2023, 16 November 2024 – 16 July 2025) :::*Denis Bećirović, chairman (16 March 2024 – 16 November 2024) ::*Bosniak members (complete list) – :::*Šefik Džaferović, member (20 November 2018 – 16 November 2022) :::*Denis Bećirović, member (since 16 November 2022) ::*Croat members (complete list) – :::*Željko Komšić, member (since 20 November 2018) ::*Serb members (complete list) – :::*Milorad Dodik, member (20 November 2018 – 15 November 2022) :::*Željka Cvijanović, member (since 16 November 2022) :*Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (complete list) – ::*Zoran Tegeltija, chairman (23 December 2019 – 25 January 2023) ::*Borjana Krišto, chairwoman (since 25 January 2023) • Croatia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović, president (19 February 2015 – 18 February 2020) ::*Zoran Milanović, president (since 19 February 2020) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Andrej Plenković, prime minister (since 19 October 2016) • Greece :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Prokopis Pavlopoulos, president (13 March 2015 – 13 March 2020) ::*Katerina Sakellaropoulou, president (13 March 2020 – 13 March 2025) ::*Konstantinos Tasoulas, president (since 13 March 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Kyriakos Mitsotakis, prime minister (8 July 2019 – 24 May 2023, since 26 June 2023) ::*Ioannis Sarmas, caretaker prime minister (25 May 2023 – 26 June 2023) • Italy :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Sergio Mattarella, president (since 3 February 2015) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Giuseppe Conte, prime minister (1 June 2018 – 13 February 2021) ::*Mario Draghi, prime minister (13 February 2021 – 22 October 2022) ::*Giorgia Meloni, prime minister (since 22 October 2022) • Kosovo :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Hashim Thaçi, president (7 April 2016 – 5 November 2020) ::*Vjosa Osmani, acting president (5 November 2020 – 22 March 2021); president (since 4 April 2021) ::*Glauk Konjufca, acting president (22 March 2021 – 4 April 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Ramush Haradinaj, prime minister (9 September 2017 – 3 February 2020) ::*Albin Kurti, prime minister (3 February 2020 – 3 June 2020, 22 March 2021 – 23 March 2025); caretaker prime minister (since 23 March 2025) ::*Avdullah Hoti, prime minister (3 June 2020 – 22 March 2021) • Malta :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*George Vella, president (4 April 2019 – 4 April 2024) ::*Myriam Spiteri Debono, president (since 4 April 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Joseph Muscat, prime minister (11 March 2013 – 13 January 2020) ::*Robert Abela, prime minister (since 13 January 2020) • Montenegro :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Milo Đukanović, president (20 May 2018 – 20 May 2023) ::*Jakov Milatović, president (since 20 May 2023) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Duško Marković, prime minister (28 November 2016 – 4 December 2020) ::*Zdravko Krivokapić, prime minister (4 December 2020 – 28 April 2022) ::*Dritan Abazović, prime minister (28 April 2022 – 31 October 2023) ::*Milojko Spajić, prime minister (since 31 October 2023) • North Macedonia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Stevo Pendarovski, president (12 May 2019 – 12 May 2024) ::*Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova, president (since 12 May 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Zoran Zaev, prime minister (31 May 2017 – 3 January 2020, 30 August 2020 – 16 January 2022) ::*Oliver Spasovski, acting prime minister (3 January 2020 – 30 August 2020) ::*Dimitar Kovačevski, prime minister (16 January 2022 – 28 January 2024) ::*Talat Xhaferi, acting prime minister (28 January 2024 – 23 June 2024) ::*Hristijan Mickoski, prime minister (since 23 June 2024) • Portugal :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, president (9 March 2016 – 9 March 2026) ::*António José Seguro, president (since 9 March 2026) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*António Costa, prime minister (26 November 2015 – 2 April 2024) ::*Luís Montenegro, prime minister (since 2 April 2024) • San Marino :*Captains Regent (complete list) – ::*Luca Boschi and Mariella Mularoni, Captains Regent (1 October 2019 – 1 April 2020) ::*Alessandro Mancini and Grazia Zafferani, Captains Regent (1 April 2020 – 1 October 2020) ::*Alessandro Cardelli and Mirko Dolcini, Captains Regent (1 October 2020 – 1 April 2021) ::*Gian Carlo Venturini and Marco Nicolini, Captains Regent (1 April 2021 – 1 October 2021) ::*Francesco Mussoni and Giacomo Simoncini, Captains Regent (1 October 2021 – 1 April 2022) ::*Oscar Mina and Paolo Rondelli, Captains Regent (1 April 2022 – 1 October 2022) ::*Maria Luisa Berti and Manuel Ciavatta, Captains Regent (1 October 2022 – 1 April 2023) ::*Alessandro Scarano and Adele Tonnini, Captains Regent (1 April 2023 – 1 October 2023) ::*Filippo Tamagnini and Gaetano Troina, Captains Regent (1 October 2023 – 1 April 2024) ::*Alessandro Rossi and Milena Gasperoni, Captains Regent (1 April 2024 – 1 October 2024) ::*Francesca Civerchia and Dalibor Riccardi, Captains Regent (1 October 2024 – 1 April 2025) ::*Denise Bronzetti and Italo Righi, Captains Regent (1 April 2025 – 1 October 2025) ::*Matteo Rossi and Lorenzo Bugli, Captains Regent (since 1 October 2025) :*Secretaries for Foreign and Political Affaris (complete list) – ::*Nicola Renzi, secretary (27 December 2016 – 8 January 2020) ::*Luca Beccari, secretary (since 8 January 2020) • Serbia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Aleksandar Vučić, president (since 31 May 2017) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Ana Brnabić, prime minister (29 June 2017 – 6 February 2024) ::*Ivica Dačić, acting prime minister (6 February 2024 – 2 May 2024) ::*Miloš Vučević, prime minister (2 May 2024 – 16 April 2025) ::*Đuro Macut, prime minister (since 16 April 2025) • Slovenia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Borut Pahor, president (22 December 2012 – 22 December 2022) ::*Nataša Pirc Musar, president (since 23 December 2022) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Marjan Šarec, prime minister (13 September 2018 – 3 March 2020) ::*Janez Janša, prime minister (3 March 2020 – 1 June 2022) ::*Robert Golob, prime minister (since 1 June 2022) • Spain :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Felipe VI, king (since 19 June 2014) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Pedro Sánchez, prime minister (since 2 June 2018) in 2024 • Vatican City :*Popes (complete list) – ::*Francis, pope (13 March 2013 – 21 April 2025) ::*Leo XIV, pope (since 8 May 2025) :*Presidents of the Governorate (complete list) – ::*Giuseppe Bertello, president (1 October 2011 – 1 October 2021) ::*Fernando Vérgez Alzaga, president (1 October 2021 – 1 March 2025) ::*Raffaella Petrini, president (since 1 March 2025) Europe: West • Austria :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Alexander Van der Bellen, president (since 26 January 2017) :*Chancellors (complete list) – ::*Brigitte Bierlein, chancellor (3 June 2019 – 7 January 2020) ::*Sebastian Kurz, chancellor (7 January 2020 – 11 October 2021) ::*Alexander Schallenberg, chancellor (11 October 2021 – 6 December 2021); acting chancellor (10 January 2025 – 3 March 2025) ::*Karl Nehammer, chancellor (6 December 2021 – 10 January 2025) ::*Christian Stocker, chancellor (since 3 March 2025) • Belgium :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Philippe, king (since 21 July 2013) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Sophie Wilmès, prime minister (27 October 2019 – 1 October 2020) ::*Alexander De Croo, prime minister (1 October 2020 – 3 February 2025) ::*Bart De Wever, prime minister (since 3 February 2025) in 2022 • France :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Emmanuel Macron, president (since 14 May 2017) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Édouard Philippe, prime minister (15 May 2017 – 3 July 2020) ::*Jean Castex, prime minister (3 July 2020 – 16 May 2022) ::*Élisabeth Borne, prime minister (16 May 2022 – 9 January 2024) ::*Gabriel Attal, prime minister (9 January 2024 – 5 September 2024) ::*Michel Barnier, prime minister (5 September 2024 – 13 December 2024) ::*François Bayrou, prime minister (since 13 December 2024) ::*Sébastien Lecornu,prime minister (since 09 September 2025) • Germany :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Frank-Walter Steinmeier, president (since 19 March 2017) :*Chancellors (complete list) – ::*Angela Merkel, chancellor (22 November 2005 – 8 December 2021) ::*Olaf Scholz, chancellor (8 December 2021 – 6 May 2025) ::*Friedrich Merz, chancellor (since 6 May 2025) • Liechtenstein :*Princes (complete list) – ::*Hans-Adam II, prince (since 13 November 1989) :*Regents (complete list) – ::*Alois, regent (since 15 August 2004) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Adrian Hasler, prime minister (27 March 2013 – 25 March 2021) ::*Daniel Risch, prime minister (25 March 2021 – 10 April 2025) ::*Brigitte Haas, prime minister (since 10 April 2025) • Luxembourg :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Henri, grand duke (7 October 2000 – 3 October 2025) ::*Guillaume V, grand duke (since 3 October 2025) :*Regents (complete list) – ::*Guillaume, regent (8 October 2024 – 3 October 2025) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Xavier Bettel, prime minister (4 December 2013 – 17 November 2023) ::*Luc Frieden, prime minister (since 17 November 2023) • Monaco :*Princed (complete list) – ::*Albert II, prince (since 6 April 2005) :*Ministers of State (complete list) – ::*Serge Telle, minister of state (1 February 2016 – 31 August 2020) ::*Pierre Dartout, minister of state (1 September 2020 – 2 September 2024) ::*Didier Guillaume, minister of state (2 September 2024 – 17 January 2025) ::*Isabelle Berro-Amadeï, acting minister of state (10 January 2025 – 21 July 2025) ::*Christophe Mirmand, minister of state (since 21 July 2025) • The Netherlands :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Willem-Alexander, king (since 30 April 2013) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Mark Rutte, prime minister (14 October 2010 – 2 July 2024) ::*Dick Schoof, prime minister (2 July 2024 – 3 June 2025); demissionary prime minister (since 3 June 2025 – 23 February 2026) ::*Rob Jetten, prime minister (since 23 February 2026) • Switzerland :*Federal Council ::*Presidents (complete list) – :::*Simonetta Sommaruga, president (1 January 2020 – 31 December 2020) :::*Guy Parmelin, president (1 January 2021 – 31 December 2021) :::*Ignazio Cassis, president (1 January 2022 – 31 December 2022) :::*Alain Berset, president (1 January 2023 – 31 December 2023) :::*Viola Amherd, president (1 January 2024 – 31 December 2024) :::*Karin Keller-Sutter, president (since 1 January 2025) ::*Members (complete list) – :::*Ueli Maurer, member (1 January 2009 – 31 December 2022) :::*Simonetta Sommaruga, member (1 November 2010 – 31 December 2022) :::*Alain Berset, member (1 January 2012 – 31 December 2023) :::*Guy Parmelin, member (since 1 January 2016) :::*Ignazio Cassis, member (since 1 November 2017) :::*Karin Keller-Sutter, member (since 1 January 2019) :::*Viola Amherd, member (1 January 2019 – 31 March 2025) :::*Albert Rösti, member (since 1 January 2023) :::*Élisabeth Baume-Schneider, member (since 1 January 2023) :::*Beat Jans, member (since 1 January 2024) :::*Martin Pfister, member (since 1 April 2025) ==Oceania==

Oceania: Australia and New Zealand • Australia :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Governors-general (complete list) – ::*David Hurley, governor-general (1 July 2019 – 1 July 2024) ::*Sam Mostyn, governor-general (since 1 July 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Scott Morrison, prime minister (24 August 2018 – 23 May 2022) ::*Anthony Albanese, prime minister (since 23 May 2022) • New Zealand :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Governors-general (complete list) – ::*Patsy Reddy, governor-general (28 September 2016 – 28 September 2021) ::*Cindy Kiro, governor-general (since 21 October 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Jacinda Ardern, prime minister (26 October 2017 – 25 January 2023) ::*Chris Hipkins, prime minister (25 January 2023 – 27 November 2023) ::*Christopher Luxon, prime minister (since 27 November 2023) Oceania: Melanesia • Fiji :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Jioji Konrote, president (12 November 2015 – 12 November 2021) ::*Wiliame Katonivere, president (12 November 2021 – 12 November 2024) ::*Naiqama Lalabalavu, president (since 12 November 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Frank Bainimarama, prime minister (22 September 2014 – 24 December 2022) ::*Sitiveni Rabuka, prime minister (since 24 December 2022) • Papua New Guinea :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (16 September 1975 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Governors-general (complete list) – ::*Bob Dadae, governor-general (since 28 February 2017) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*James Marape, prime minister (since 30 May 2019) • Solomon Islands :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (7 July 1978 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Governors-general (complete list) – ::*David Vunagi, governor-general (7 July 2019 – 7 July 2024) ::*David Tiva Kapu, governor-general (since 7 July 2024) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Manasseh Sogavare, Prime minister (24 April 2019 – 2 May 2024) ::*Jeremiah Manele, prime minister (since 2 May 2024) • Vanuatu :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Tallis Obed Moses, president (6 July 2017 – 6 July 2022) ::*Seule Simeon, president (6 July 2022 – 23 July 2022) ::*Nikenike Vurobaravu, president (since 23 July 2022) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Charlot Salwai, prime minister (11 February 2016 – 20 April 2020, 6 October 2023 – 11 February 2025) ::*Bob Loughman, prime minister (20 April 2020 – 4 November 2022) ::*Ishmael Kalsakau, prime minister (4 November 2022 – 4 September 2023) ::*Sato Kilman, prime minister (4 September 2023 – 6 October 2023) ::*Jotham Napat, prime minister (since 11 February 2025) Oceania: Micronesia • Kiribati :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Taneti Maamau, president (since 11 March 2016) • Marshall Islands :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Hilda Heine, president (28 January 2016 – 13 January 2020, since 3 January 2024) ::*David Kabua, president (13 January 2020 – 3 January 2024) • Federated States of Micronesia :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*David Panuelo, president (11 May 2019 – 11 May 2023) ::*Wesley Simina, president (since 11 May 2023) • Nauru :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Lionel Aingimea, president (27 August 2019 – 29 September 2022) ::*Russ Kun, president (29 September 2022 – 30 October 2023) ::*David Adeang, president (since 30 October 2023) • Palau :*Presidents (complete list) – ::*Thomas Remengesau Jr., president (17 January 2013 – 21 January 2021) ::*Surangel Whipps Jr., president (since 21 January 2021) Oceania: Polynesia • Cook Islands :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (4 August 1965 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Monarch's representatives (complete list) – ::*Tom Marsters, queen's representative (27 July 2013 – 8 September 2022); king's representative (since 8 September 2022) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Henry Puna, prime minister (30 November 2010 – 1 October 2020) ::*Mark Brown, prime minister (since 1 October 2020) • Niue :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (19 October 1974 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Monarch's representatives (complete list) – ::*Patsy Reddy, queen's representative (28 September 2016 – 28 September 2021) ::*Cindy Kiro, queen's representative (21 October 2021 – 8 September 2022); king's representative (since 8 September 2022) :*Heads of government (complete list) – ::*Toke Talagi, premier (19 June 2008 – 11 June 2020) ::*Dalton Tagelagi, premier (11 June 2020 – 3 September 2024); prime minister (since 3 September 2024) • Samoa :*O le Ao o le Malo (complete list) – ::*Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II, O le Ao o le Malo (since 21 July 2017) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Tuilaʻepa Saʻilele Malielegaoi, prime minister (23 November 1998 – 23 July 2021, disputed with Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa after 24 May 2021) ::*Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa, prime minister (since 24 May 2021, disputed with Tuilaʻepa Saʻilele Malielegaoi before 23 July 2021) ::*Laʻauli Leuatea Schmidt , prime minister (since 16 September 2025) • Tonga :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Tupou VI, king (since 18 March 2012) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Pōhiva Tuʻiʻonetoa, prime minister (8 October 2019 – 27 December 2021) ::*Siaosi Sovaleni, prime minister (27 December 2021 – 9 December 2024) ::*Samiu Vaipulu, acting prime minister (9 December 2024 – 22 January 2025) ::*ʻAisake Eke, prime minister (22 January 2025 – 18 December 2025) ::*Fatafehi Fakafānua, prime minister (since 18 December 2025) • Tuvalu :*Monarchs (complete list) – ::*Elizabeth II, queen (1 October 1978 – 8 September 2022) ::*Charles III, king (since 8 September 2022) :*Governors-general (complete list) – ::*Teniku Talesi, acting governor-general (22 August 2019 – January 2021) ::*Samuelu Teo, acting governor-general (January 2021 – 28 September 2021) ::*Tofiga Vaevalu Falani, governor-general (since 28 September 2021) :*Prime ministers (complete list) – ::*Kausea Natano, prime minister (19 September 2019 – 26 February 2024) ::*Feleti Teo, prime minister (since 26 February 2024) ==See also==