Market1930
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1930

1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1930th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 930th year of the 2nd millennium, the 30th year of the 20th century, and the 1st year of the 1930s decade.

Events
JanuaryJanuary 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be on January 1, 2257, at . • January 26 – The Indian National Congress declares this date as Independence Day, or as the day for Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence). • January 28 – The first patent for a field-effect transistor is granted in the United States, to Julius Edgar Lilienfeld. • January 30Pavel Molchanov launches a radiosonde from Slutsk in the Soviet Union. FebruaryFebruary 10 – The Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng launch the Yên Bái mutiny in the hope of ending French colonial rule in Vietnam. • February 18 – While studying photographs taken in January, Clyde Tombaugh confirms the existence of Pluto, a celestial body considered a planet until redefined as a dwarf planet in 2006. MarchMarch 2Mahatma Gandhi informs the British Viceroy of India that civil disobedience will begin the following week. • André Tardieu begins his second term as Prime Minister of France. • March 6International Unemployment Day is observed in countries throughout the world. • The first frozen foods of Clarence Birdseye go on sale in Springfield, Massachusetts. • March 12Mahatma Gandhi sets off on a 200-mile march towards the sea with 78 followers to protest against the British monopoly on salt in India; more will join them during the Salt March that ends on April 5. • March 28 – The government of Turkey requests the international community to adopt Istanbul and Ankara, as the official names for Constantinople and Angora. The U.S. State Department adopts the "Istanbul" form in May. • March 29Heinrich Brüning is appointed Chancellor of Germany. • March 31 – The Motion Picture Production Code (Hays Code) is instituted by the studios in the United States, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in films for the next 40 years. AprilApril 6 • In an act of civil disobedience, Mahatma Gandhi breaks the salt laws of British India by making salt by the sea at the end of the Salt March. • The International Left Opposition (ILO) is founded in Paris, France. • April 17Neoprene is invented by DuPont. • April 18 – The Chittagong Rebellion begins in India with the Chittagong armoury raid. • April 19 - Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI) founded • April 21 • A fire in the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus, United States kills 320 people. • The Turkestan–Siberia Railway is completed. • April 22 – The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the London Naval Treaty to regulate submarine warfare and limit naval shipbuilding. MayMay 6 – The 7.1 Salmas earthquake shakes northwestern Iran and southeastern Turkey, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent); up to 3,000 people are killed. • May 10 – The National Pan-Hellenic Council is founded in Washington, D.C.May 15 – Nurse Ellen Church becomes the world's first flight attendant, working on a Boeing Air Transport trimotor. • May 16Rafael Trujillo is elected president of the Dominican Republic. • May 17 – French Prime Minister André Tardieu decides to withdraw the remaining French troops from the Rhineland (they depart by June 30). • May 24Amy Johnson lands in Darwin, Australia, becoming the first woman to fly solo from England to Australia (she left on May 5 for the 11,000 mile flight). JuneJune 7Carl Gustaf Ekman becomes Prime Minister of Sweden, for the second and final time. • June 14 – The Federal Bureau of Narcotics is established under the United States Department of the Treasury, replacing the Narcotics Division of the Prohibition Unit. • June 17President Herbert Hoover signs the Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act into law, implementing protectionist trade policies in the United States. It has the incidental effect of defining an antique as older than 1830. JulyJuly 310 – The First Eastern Women's Congress takes place in Damascus in Syria. • July 4 – The dedication of George Washington's sculpted head is held at Mount Rushmore, South Dakota. • July 5 – The Seventh Lambeth Conference of Anglican bishops opens. This conference approves the use of birth control in limited circumstances, a move away from the Christian views on birth control expressed by the Sixth Conference a decade earlier. • July 7 • The far-right Lapua Movement marches in Helsinki, Finland. • Building of the Boulder Dam (later known as the Hoover Dam) is started on the Colorado River, in the United States. • July 11 – Australian cricketer Don Bradman scores a world record 309 runs in one day, on his way to the highest individual Test innings of 334, during a Test match against England. • July 13 – The inaugural FIFA World Cup begins: Lucien Laurent scores the first goal, for France against Mexico. • July 19Georges Simenon's detective character Inspector Jules Maigret makes his first appearance in print under Simenon's own name, when the novel Pietr-le-Letton (known in English as The Strange Case of Peter the Lett) begins serialization in a French weekly magazine. • July 28R. B. Bennett defeats William Lyon Mackenzie King in federal elections and becomes the Prime Minister of Canada. • July 29 – British airship R100 sets out for a successful 78-hour passage to Canada. • July 30Uruguay beats Argentina 4–2 to win the first FIFA World Cup final in Association football, at Estadio Centenario in Montevideo. AugustAugust – The volcanic island of Anak Krakatau begins to form permanently in the Sunda Strait. • August 7R. B. Bennett takes office as the eleventh Prime Minister of Canada. • August 9 – The cartoon character Betty Boop debut in the Fleischer Studios short film Dizzy Dishes. • August 12Turkish troops move into Persia to fight Kurdish insurgents. • August 16 – The first British Empire Games open in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. • August 27 – A military junta takes over in Peru. SeptemberSeptember 3 – The huge 1930 San Zenón hurricane in the Caribbean demolishes most of the city of Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic. • September 61930 Argentine coup d'état: José Félix Uriburu carries out a military coup, overthrowing Hipólito Yrigoyen, President of Argentina. • September 8Scotch Tape, invented by Richard Gurley Drew, is sold by the 3M company in the United States for the first time. • September 141930 German federal election: National Socialists win 107 seats in the German Parliament, the Reichstag (18.3% of all the votes), making them the second largest party. • September 17 – The Kurdish Ararat rebellion is suppressed by the Turks. • September 20 – The Eastern Catholic Rite Syro-Malankara Catholic Church is formed. • September 27İsmet İnönü forms a new government in Turkey (6th government). October and his wife Ester at the Helsinki Central Station after their kidnapping. In the middle of picture their daughter Elli stands behind them. • October – The Indochinese Communist Party is formed. • October 1British rule of Weihaiwei ends, as it is returned to China. • October 3 – The German Socialist Labour Party in Poland – Left is founded, following a split in the DSAP in Łódź. • October 5 – British airship R101, the world's largest flying craft, crashes in France en route to India, on its first overseas flight, resulting in the loss of 48 lives, with six survivors. Those killed include Britain's Air Minister, Christopher Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson. • October 14Ståhlberg kidnapping: The former and first President of Finland, Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, and his wife, Ester Ståhlberg, are kidnapped from their home by members of the far-right Lapua Movement but released unharmed. • October 20 – The British Passfield white paper demands restrictions on Jewish immigration into Mandatory Palestine. • October 24Revolution of 1930: Getúlio Vargas overthrows Washington Luís. • October 27 – Ratifications are exchanged in London on the first London Naval Treaty signed in April, modifying the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. Its arms limitation provisions go into effect immediately, hence putting more limits on the expensive naval arms race between its five signatories (the United Kingdom, the United States, the Empire of Japan, France and Italy.) NovemberNovember 2Haile Selassie is crowned emperor of Ethiopia. • November 3Getúlio Vargas becomes president of Brazil. • November 25 • An earthquake in the Izu Peninsula of Japan kills 223 people and destroys 650 buildings. • Cecil George Paine, a pathologist at the Sheffield Royal Infirmary in England, achieves the first recorded cure (of an eye infection) using penicillin. DecemberDecember – All adult Turkish women are given the right to vote in elections. • December 19Mount Merapi volcano in central Java, Indonesia, erupts, destroying numerous villages and killing 1,300 people. • December 24 – In London, inventor Harry Grindell Matthews demonstrates his device to project pictures on clouds. • December 29 – Sir Muhammad Iqbal's presidential address in Allahabad introduces the two-nation theory, outlining a vision for the creation of Pakistan. • December 31 – The Papal encyclical Casti connubii, issued by Pope Pius XI, stresses the sanctity of marriage, prohibits Roman Catholics from using any form of artificial birth control, and reaffirms the Catholic prohibition on abortion. Date unknownBernhard Schmidt invents the Schmidt camera. ==Births==
Births
JanuaryJanuary 1Gaafar Nimeiry, 4th President of Sudan (d. 2009) • Ty Hardin, American actor (d. 2017) • Frederick Wiseman, American director and producer (d. 2026) • January 3Robert Loggia, American actor (d. 2015) • Ahmed Osman, Prime Minister of Morocco • January 5M. R. Srinivasan, Indian nuclear scientist (d. 2025) • January 6 • "Professor Tanaka" (Charles Kalani Jr.), American wrestler and actor (d. 2000) • Vic Tayback, American actor (d. 1990) • January 9Pavel Kolchin, Soviet Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2010) • January 10Roy E. Disney, Disney executive (d. 2009) • January 11Rod Taylor, Australian actor (d. 2015) • January 12Tim Horton, Canadian hockey player, co-founder of Tim Hortons fast food chain (d. 1974) • Jennifer Johnston, Irish novelist (d. 2025) • January 15Hédi Baccouche, Prime Minister of Tunisia (d. 2020) • January 19Tippi Hedren, American actress • January 20Buzz Aldrin, American pilot, astronaut (Apollo 11), second person to set foot on the MoonJanuary 21Mainza Chona, Zambian politician and diplomat (d. 2001) • January 23Derek Walcott, West Indian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2017) • William Pogue, American astronaut (d. 2014) • January 24Terence Bayler, New Zealand actor (d. 2016) • January 27Bobby Bland, African-American R&B musician (d. 2013) • January 30Gene Hackman, American actor and novelist (d. 2025) • Magnus Malan, South African soldier, Minister of Defence (1980–1991) (d. 2011) FebruaryFebruary 1Shahabuddin Ahmed, 12th president of Bangladesh (d. 2022) • Hussain Muhammad Ershad, 10th president of Bangladesh (d. 2019) • February 3Mani Krishnaswami, Carnatic music vocalist from Tamil Nadu, India (d. 2002) • February 4Jim Loscutoff, American basketball player (d. 2015) • February 7Ikutaro Kakehashi, Japanese engineer and entrepreneur (d. 2017) • February 8Alejandro Rey, Argentine-American actor (d. 1987) • February 10Robert Wagner, American actor • February 13Ernst Fuchs, Austrian painter (d. 2015) • Israel Kirzner, English-born American economist, author and academic • February 17Ruth Rendell, British author (d. 2015) • February 19John Frankenheimer, American film director (d. 2002) • K. Viswanath, Indian actor, director and screenwriter (d. 2023) • February 22Marni Nixon, American vocalist (d. 2016) • February 23Goro Shimura, Japanese mathematician (d. 2019) • February 27Joanne Woodward, American actress • February 28Leon Cooper, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2024) MarchMarch 2Tom Wolfe, American author, journalist (d. 2018) • March 3Heiner Geißler, German politician (d. 2017) • Ion Iliescu, 2-time President of Romania (d. 2025) • K. S. Rajah, Singaporean Senior Counsel, Judicial Commissioner of the Supreme Court (d. 2010) • March 6Allison Hayes, American actress (d. 1977) • Lorin Maazel, French-born American orchestral conductor (d. 2014) • March 7Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, English photographer, royal spouse (d. 2017) • Daphne Osborne, English botanist (d. 2006) • March 8Douglas Hurd, English politician • March 9Ornette Coleman, American jazz saxophonist (d. 2015) • March 14Irma Adelman, Romanian-born economist (d. 2017) • Helga Feddersen, German actress (d. 1990) • March 15Alba Arnova, Italian-Argentine ballerina, actress (d. 2018) • Zhores Alferov, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019) • Shadi Abdel Salam, Egyptian film director, screenwriter and costume and set designer (d. 1986) • March 17James Irwin, American astronaut (d. 1991) • March 18Adam Maida, American Roman Catholic prelate; Archbishop of Detroit (1990–2009) • March 19Gualtiero Marchesi, Italian chef and restaurateur (d. 2017) • March 20Thomas Williams, New Zealand cardinal (d. 2023) • March 22 • Sir Lynden Pindling, 1st prime minister of the Bahamas (d. 2000) • Pat Robertson, American televangelist, motivational speaker, author and television host (d. 2023) • Stephen Sondheim, American composer and lyricist (d. 2021) • March 24David Dacko, 1st President of the Central African Republic (d. 2003) • Steve McQueen, American actor (d. 1980) • March 26Sandra Day O'Connor, American politician, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 2023) • March 27Daniel Spoerri, Romanian-Swiss artist and writer (d. 2024) • March 28Robert Ashley, American composer (d. 2014) • Jerome Isaac Friedman, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate • Albert S. Ruddy, Canadian film and television producer (d. 2024) • March 29Anerood Jugnauth, Mauritian politician, 3-time Prime Minister of Mauritius, and 4th President of Mauritius (d. 2021) • John Marshall, Australian swimmer (d. 1957) • March 30John Astin, American actor • Rolf Harris, Australian entertainer and convicted sex offender (d. 2023) • March 31Julián Herranz Casado, Spanish cardinal April April 1Grace Lee Whitney, American actress (Star Trek) (d. 2015) • Ásta Sigurðardóttir, Icelandic writer and visual artist (d. 1971) • April 3Lawton Chiles, American politician, U.S. Senator (Florida), 41st Governor of Florida (d. 1998) • Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany (d. 2017) • April 5Mary Costa, American opera singer and actress • Pierre Lhomme, French cinematographer (d. 2019) • April 7Vilma Espín, Cuban revolutionary, feminist, and chemical engineer (d. 2007) • Andrew Sachs, German-born British actor (d. 2016) • April 8Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma (d. 2010) • April 9F. Albert Cotton, American chemist (d. 2007) • April 10Claude Bolling, French jazz pianist and composer (d. 2020) • Dolores Huerta, American labor leader and civil rights activist • Spede Pasanen, Finnish television personality (d. 2001) • April 11Nicholas F. Brady, American politician and businessman, 68th US Treasury SecretaryAnton LaVey, American author, musician, and occultist (d. 1997) • April 12John Landy, Australian athlete and politician (d. 2022) • April 14Bradford Dillman, American actor and author (d. 2018) • April 15Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of IcelandApril 16Herbie Mann, American jazz flutist (d. 2003) • April 19Dick Sargent, American actor and gay activist (d. 1994) • April 21Silvana Mangano, Italian actress (d. 1989) • April 24Richard Donner, American film director and producer (d. 2021) • José Sarney, 31st President of BrazilApril 25Paul Mazursky, American director and writer (d. 2014) • April 26Roger Moens, Belgian athlete and sportscaster • April 28James Baker, former United States Secretary of State and United States Secretary of the TreasuryCarolyn Jones, American actress (d. 1983) • April 29Jean Rochefort, French actor (d. 2017) • Mahmud of Terengganu, 16th Sultan of Terengganu (d. 1998) • April 30Félix Guattari, French psychotherapist, philosopher, semiologist, and activist (d. 1992) MayMay 1Little Walter, African-American blues singer, musician, and songwriter (d. 1968) • May 3Juan Gelman, Argentine poet, writer (d. 2014) • May 4Roberta Peters, American soprano (d. 2017) • May 5Michael J. Adams, American aviator, aeronautical engineer, and astronaut (d. 1967) • May 8Heather Harper, Northern Irish soprano (d. 2019) • Gary Snyder, American poet, essayist and translator • May 9Joan Sims, English actress (d. 2001) • May 11Edsger W. Dijkstra, Dutch computer scientist (d. 2002) • May 13Vernon Shaw, 5th president of Dominica (d. 2013) • Mike Gravel, American politician, former Senator of Alaska and Presidential candidate (d. 2021) • May 14María Irene Fornés, Cuban-American playwright (d. 2018) • May 15Jasper Johns, American painter • Grace Ogot, Kenyan author, nurse, journalist, politician and diplomat (d. 2015) • May 17María Luisa Mendoza, Mexican journalist, novelist and politician (d. 2018) • May 19Lorraine Hansberry, African-American playwright (d. 1965) • May 20James McEachin, American actor (d. 2025) • May 21Malcolm Fraser, 22nd Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2015) • May 22Kenny Ball, British jazz trumpeter, singer and bandleader (d. 2013) • Harvey Milk, American politician and gay rights activist (d. 1978) • May 25Sonia Rykiel, French fashion designer (d. 2016) • May 27John Barth, American writer (d. 2024) • Muhammad Lafir, Sri Lankan snooker player (d. 1981) • May 28Edward Seaga, Jamaican politician, 5th Prime Minister of Jamaica (d. 2019) • May 31Clint Eastwood, American actor, director, and producer • Ruslan Stratonovich, Russian physicist, engineer (d. 1997) JuneJune 1Edward Woodward, English actor and singer (d. 2009) • June 2Pete Conrad, American astronaut, moonwalker and commander of Apollo 12 (d. 1999) • June 3Marion Zimmer Bradley, American writer (d. 1999) • George Fernandes, Indian politician (d. 2019) • June 4Morgana King, American jazz singer, actress (d. 2018) • Viktor Tikhonov, Soviet ice hockey player and coach (d. 2014) • June 6Frank Tyson, English cricketer (d. 2015) • June 8Robert Aumann, German-born mathematician, recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic SciencesJune 9Barbara, French singer (d. 1997) • Jordi Pujol, 126th President of the Government of CataloniaJune 10Grace Mirabella, American journalist, editor of Vogue 1971–88 (d. 2021) • Theo Sommer, German journalist (d. 2022) • June 11Neale Lavis, Australian equestrian (d. 2019) • Charles Rangel, African-American politician (d. 2025) • June 12Jim Nabors, American actor, musician and comedian (d. 2017) • Son Sen, Cambodian politician and war criminal (d. 1997) • June 16Vilmos Zsigmond, Hungarian-American cinematographer (d. 2016) • June 19Gena Rowlands, American actress (d. 2024) • June 20Magdalena Abakanowicz, Polish sculptor (d. 2017) • Juan Alberto Melgar Castro, Honduran military ruler (d. 1987) • June 21Gerald Kaufman, British Labour politician (d. 2017) • June 22Yuri Artyukhin, Russian cosmonaut (d. 1998) • Sa'dun Hammadi, 33rd prime minister of Iraq (d. 2007) • June 23J. H. Elliott, British historian (d. 2022) • Anthony Thwaite, English poet, critic, and academic (d. 2021) • June 24Claude Chabrol, French film director (d. 2010) • June 26Wolfgang Schwanitz, German Leader of the Office for National Security, Head of the Stasi (d. 2022) • Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi, Pakistani economist and caretaker prime minister (d. 2016) • June 27Ross Perot, American business magnate, billionaire, politician, and philanthropist (d. 2019) • June 28William C. Campbell, Irish-American biologist, parasitologist, Nobel Prize laureate • Itamar Franco, President of Brazil (d. 2011) • June 29Robert Evans, American producer (d. 2019) • Viola Léger, American-Canadian actress and politician (d. 2023) • June 30Ignatius Peter VIII Abdalahad, Syrian bishop (d. 2018) • Thomas Sowell, American economist and social theorist • Ahmed Zaki Yamani, Saudi Arabian politician (d. 2021) JulyJuly 1Moustapha Akkad, Syrian-American filmmaker (d. 2005) • Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, Bolivian politician and businessman • July 2Sylve Bengtsson, Swedish Olympic footballer (d. 2005) • Ahmad Jamal, American jazz pianist and composer (d. 2023) • Carlos Menem, President of Argentina (d. 2021) • July 3Carlos Kleiber, Austrian conductor (d. 2004) • Ferdinando Riva, Swiss football forward (d. 2014) • N. Venkatachala, Indian judge (d. 2019) • July 4George Steinbrenner, American businessman and baseball team owner (d. 2010) • Yuriy Tyukalov, Russian rower (d. 2018) • July 6George Armstrong, Canadian professional ice hockey player (d. 2021) • Françoise Mallet-Joris, Belgian writer (d. 2016) • M. Balamuralikrishna, Indian Carnatic vocalist, multi-instrumentalist, playback singer, composer and actor (d. 2016) • July 7Theodore McCarrick, American Roman Catholic former cardinal (d. 2025) • Biljana Plavšić, Bosnian politician and war criminal • July 9Slavko Dacevski, Macedonian football player and manager • July 11Jack Alabaster, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2024) • Harold Bloom, American literary critic (d. 2019) • July 12Gordon Pinsent, Canadian actor (d. 2023) • July 14Polly Bergen, American actress (d. 2014) • July 15Einosuke Akiya, Japanese Buddhist leader • Jacques Derrida, Algerian-born French literary critic (d. 2004) • Stephen Smale, American mathematician • July 17Sigvard Ericsson, Swedish speed skater (d. 2019) • Ray Galton, English scriptwriter (d. 2018) • Sir William Heseltine, Australian Private Secretary to Queen Elizabeth II • July 19David Rubadiri, Malawian diplomat, academic, poet, playwright and novelist (d. 2018) • July 20Alex Sánchez, Costa Rican football player (d. 2025) • Oleg Anofriyev, Soviet-Russian actor, singer, songwriter, film director and poet (d. 2018) • July 21Gene Littler, American professional golfer (d. 2019) • Helen Merrill, American jazz vocalist • Anand Bakshi, Indian poet/lyricist (d. 2002) • July 22Ferruccio Amendola, Italian actor and voice actor (d. 2001) • July 24Jacqueline Brookes, American actress (d. 2013) • July 25Murray Chapple, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1985) • Maureen Forrester, Canadian contralto (d. 2010) • July 28Firoza Begum, Bangladeshi singer (d. 2014) • Jean Roba, Belgian comics author (d. 2006) AugustAugust 1Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist (d. 2002) • Lawrence Eagleburger, United States Secretary of State (d. 2011) • Károly Grósz, 51st prime minister of Hungary (d. 1996) • Geoffrey Holder, Trinidadian-American dancer, choreographer and actor (d. 2014) • August 4Enrico Castellani, Italian painter (d. 2017) • Ali al-Sistani, Iranian Shia Ayatollah • August 5Neil Armstrong, American astronaut, first human to set foot on the Moon, commander of Apollo 11 (d. 2012) • August 6Abbey Lincoln, American singer (d. 2010) • August 9Carmen Balcells, Spanish literary agent (d. 2015) • Jacques Parizeau, French-Canadian politician (d. 2015) • August 10Luigi De Filippo, Italian actor (d. 2018) • August 12George Soros, Hungarian-born investor • August 14Liz Fraser, English actress (d. 2018) • August 15Tom Mboya, Kenyan trade unionist, educationist, Pan Africanist, author and independence activist (probable; d. 1969) • August 16Robert Culp, American actor (d. 2010) • Leslie Manigat, 34th President of Haiti (d. 2014) • Flor Silvestre, Mexican singer, actress and equestrienne (d. 2020) • Tony Trabert, American tennis player and commentator (d. 2021) • August 17Ted Hughes, English poet (d. 1998) • August 19Frank McCourt, Irish-American writer (d. 2009) • August 20Jan Olszewski, 3rd Prime Minister of Poland (d. 2019) • August 21Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (d. 2002) • August 22Gylmar dos Santos Neves, Brazilian footballer (d. 2013) • August 23Michel Rocard, Prime Minister of France (d. 2016) • August 24Sultanah Bahiyah, Sultanah of Kedah (d. 2003) • August 25 • Sir Sean Connery, Scottish actor (James Bond) (d. 2020) • Georgiy Daneliya, Russian film director and screenwriter (d. 2019) • August 27Gholamreza Takhti, Iranian wrestler (d. 1968) • August 28Windsor Davies, Welsh actor (d. 2019) • Ben Gazzara, American actor (d. 2012) • Irinej, Serbian Patriarch, 45th Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church (d. 2020) • August 30Warren Buffett, American billionaire entrepreneurPaul Poupard, French cardinal SeptemberSeptember 1Charles Correa, Indian architect (d. 2015) • September 3Cherry Wilder, New Zealand novelist (d. 2002) • September 6Salvatore De Giorgi, Italian cardinal • September 7 • King Baudouin I of Belgium (d. 1993) • Sonny Rollins, African-American jazz saxophonist • Yuan Longping, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and an expert in hybrid rice (d. 2021) • September 8Mario Adorf, German actor and writer (d. 2026) • Jeannette Altwegg, English figure skater (d. 2021) • September 9Frank Lucas, African-American drug trafficker (d. 2019) • September 11Renzo Montagnani, Italian actor (d. 1997) • September 12Akira Suzuki, Japanese chemist, Nobel Prize laureate • September 13Jimmy McLane, American Olympic swimmer (d. 2020) • September 16Anne Francis, American actress (d. 2011) • September 17Marie-Thérèse Houphouët-Boigny, First Lady of Ivory Coast • David Huddleston, American actor (The Big Lebowski) (d. 2016) • Edgar Mitchell, American astronaut (d. 2016) • Thomas P. Stafford, American astronaut (d. 2024) • September 20Kenneth Mopeli, Chief Minister of QwaQwa bantustan (d. 2014) • September 23Ray Charles, African-American singer, musician and actor (d. 2004) • September 24John Young, American astronaut (d. 2018) • September 25Elsa Aguirre, Mexican actress • Shel Silverstein, American author, poet and humorist (d. 1999) • September 26Philip Bosco, American actor (d. 2018) • Alice Harnoncourt, Austrian violinist (d. 2022) • Fritz Wunderlich, German tenor singer (d. 1966) • September 29Colin Dexter, English detective fiction writer (d. 2017) • Richard Bonynge, Australian pianist and conductor OctoberOctober 1Richard Harris, Irish actor, singer (d. 2002) • Philippe Noiret, French actor (d. 2006) • October 2Dave Barrett, Canadian politician (d. 2018) • October 4Andrej Marinc, Slovenian politician (d. 2025) • October 5Pavel Popovich, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2009) • Reinhard Selten, German economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2016) • October 6Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (d. 2000) • Richie Benaud, Australian cricketer and commentator (d. 2015) • October 8Tōru Takemitsu, Japanese composer (d. 1996) • October 10Yves Chauvin, Belgian-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015) • Harold Pinter, English playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008) • October 11A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury, 13th President of Bangladesh (d. 2024) • October 14Schafik Handal, Salvadoran politician (d. 2006) • Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Democratic Republic of the Congo (d. 1997) • October 17Robert Atkins, American nutritionist (d. 2003) • October 18Frank Carlucci, American politician (d. 2018) • October 19Ron Joyce, Canadian businessman (d. 2019) • October 21Ivan Silayev, Soviet and Russian politician (d. 2023) • October 24Ahmad Shah of Pahang, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (d. 2019) • The Big Bopper (J.P. Richardson), American singer (d. 1959) • October 27Francisca Aguirre, Spanish poet (d. 2019) • October 28Bernie Ecclestone, English motor racing tycoon • October 29Omara Portuondo, Cuban singer and dancer • Niki de Saint Phalle, French artist (d. 2002) • October 30Clifford Brown, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1956) • Timothy Findley, Canadian author (d. 2002) • October 31Michael Collins, American astronaut (d. 2021) NovemberNovember 5Hans Mommsen, German historian (d. 2015) • November 11Mildred Dresselhaus, American scientist and educator (d. 2017) • Mabandla Dlamini, 3rd prime minister of Swaziland (d. 2025) • Alevtina Kolchina, Soviet Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2022) • November 13Richard A. Falk, American academic • Fred R. Harris, American politician and United States Senator from Oklahoma, 1964 to 1973 (d. 2024) • November 14Monique Mercure, Canadian actress (d. 2020) • Jānis Pujats, Latvian cardinal, Archbishop of Riga • Ed White, American astronaut (d. 1967) • November 15J. G. Ballard, English writer (d. 2009) • November 16Chinua Achebe, Nigerian writer (d. 2013) • Salvatore Riina ("Toto"), Italian multiple murderer (d. 2017) • November 17Bob Mathias, American athlete (d. 2006) • November 19Christian Schwarz-Schilling, Austrian-German politician and philanthropist (d. 2026) • November 20Choe Yong-rim, North Korean politician • November 22Owen Garriott, American astronaut (d. 2019) • November 24Inge Feltrinelli, German-Italian publisher, photographer (d. 2018) • November 26Berthold Leibinger, German engineer, entrepreneur and philanthropist (d. 2018) • November 29David Goldblatt, South African photographer (d. 2018) • November 30G. Gordon Liddy, American organizer of the Watergate burglaries (d. 2021) DecemberDecember 2Gary Becker, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2014) • December 3Jean-Luc Godard, French film director (d. 2022) • December 4Ronnie Corbett, Scottish-born comedian (d. 2016) • Jacqueline du Bief, French figure skater • December 6Daniel Lisulo, Prime Minister of Zambia (d. 2000) • December 7Christopher Nicole, Guyanese-born British writer (d. 2017) • December 8Maximilian Schell, Swiss-Austrian actor (d. 2014) • Michael Kahn, American film editor. • December 9Edoardo Sanguineti, Italian writer (d. 2010) • Buck Henry, American actor, screenwriter and director (d. 2020) • December 11Jean-Louis Trintignant, French actor and director (d. 2022) • December 12Silvio Santos, Brazilian TV show host, entrepreneur (d. 2024) • December 14Fred Gray, American attorney, civil rights movement legal representative • December 15Antonietta Meo, Italian saint (d. 1937) • Edna O'Brien, Irish novelist (d. 2024) • December 17Armin Mueller-Stahl, Russian-born German actor • December 19Anca Giurchescu, Romanian academic and ethnochoreologist (d. 2015) • December 21Adebayo Adedeji, Nigerian UN official (d. 2018) • Kalevi Sorsa, Prime Minister of Finland (d. 2004) • December 25Salah Jahin, Egyptian poet, lyricist, playwright and cartoonist (d. 1986) • December 28Mariam A. Aleem, Egyptian artist (d. 2010) • December 30Alvin Peterson, Jamaican percussionist (d. 2021) • Tu Youyou, Chinese pharmaceutical chemist, Nobel Prize laureate • December 31Odetta, American singer (d. 2008) ==Deaths==
Deaths
January – FebruaryJanuary 8Martha Tynæs, Norwegian social worker and politician (b. 1870) • January 9Edward Bok, American author (b. 1863) • January 19Frank Ramsey, British philosopher, mathematician and economist (b. 1903) • January 22Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount Esher, British politician and courtier (b. 1852) • January 24Rebecca Latimer Felton, American writer, lecturer, reformer, and politician (b. 1835) • January 27Dewa Shigetō, Japanese admiral (b. 1856) • January 28Emmy Destinn, Czech operatic soprano (b. 1878) • February 3Michele Bianchi, Italian fascist leader (b. 1883) • Poseidon, Australian racehorse (b. 1903) • February 14Sir Thomas MacKenzie, New Zealand politician, explorer, 18th Prime Minister of New Zealand and High Commissioner (b. 1854) • February 15Giulio Douhet, Italian general, air power theorist (b. 1869) • February 21Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (b. 1898) • February 23Mabel Normand, American actress (b. 1892) • Horst Wessel, Nazi ideologue, composer (b. 1907) • February 26Mary Whiton Calkins, American philosopher and psychologist (b. 1863) • Rafael Merry del Val, British-born Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal and Servant of God (b. 1865) March – AprilMarch 2D. H. Lawrence, British writer (b. 1885) • March 6Alfred von Tirpitz, German politician, admiral (b. 1848) • March 8William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States, 10th Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1857) • March 12William George Barker, Canadian pilot (b. 1894) • March 13Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman, American author (b. 1852) • March 14A. A. Kannisto, Finnish politician (b. 1876) • March 16Miguel Primo de Rivera, Spanish military officer, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1870) • March 19Arthur Balfour, British politician and statesman, 48th Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1848) • March 24Eugeen Van Mieghem, Belgian painter (b. 1875) • March 27Sister Christine, German-born Hindu teacher • March 30Shyamji Krishna Varma, Indian lawyer, journalist and revolutionary (b. 1857) • April 1Cosima Wagner, wife and inspiration of Richard Wagner (b. 1837) • April 2 – Empress Zewditu of Ethiopia (b. 1876) • April 3Dame Emma Albani, Canadian operatic soprano (b. 1847) • April 4Victoria of Baden, Queen consort of Sweden (b. 1862) • April 6Dimitrije, Serbian Patriarch (b. 1846) • April 9Rose Caron, French operatic soprano (b. 1857) • April 14Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (b. 1893) • April 21Robert Bridges, British poet (b. 1844) • April 22Jeppe Aakjær, Danish poet, novelist (b. 1866) May – JuneMay 8 – Patriarch George V of Armenia (b. 1847) • May 13Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian explorer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1861) • May 17Herbert Croly, American political author (b. 1869) • May 25Randall Davidson, English clergyman, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1848) • Archduke Rainer of Austria (b. 1895) • June 5Sophie Holten, Danish painter (b. 1858) • Eric Lemming, Swedish athlete (b. 1880) • Jules Pascin, Bulgarian painter (b. 1885) • June 9William Allardyce, British colonial governor (b. 1861) • June 10Adolf von Harnack, German Lutheran theologian and church historian (b. 1851) • June 13 – Sir Henry Segrave, British racer, land and water speed record holder (b. 1896) • June 14Enrico Millo, Italian admiral and politician (b. 1865) • June 16Anna Whitlock, Swedish suffragist (b. 1852) • June 30Yashiro Rokurō, Japanese admiral and politician (b. 1860) July– AugustJuly 7 – Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, British fiction writer (Sherlock Holmes) (b. 1859) • July 8 – Sir Joseph Ward, 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1856) • July 11Masataka Ogawa, Japanese chemist (b. 1865) • July 15Leopold Auer, Hungarian violinist (b. 1845) • Rudolph Schildkraut, Ottoman-born Austrian actor (b. 1862) • July 16Juan Luis Sanfuentes, 16th President of Chile (b. 1858) • July 19David Bonis, Canadian politician • Sir Robert Stout, 2-time prime minister of New Zealand (b. 1844) • Oku Yasukata, Japanese field marshal, leading figure in the early Imperial Japanese Army (b. 1847) • July 23Glenn Curtiss, American aviation pioneer (b. 1878) • July 26Pavlos Karolidis, Greek historian (b. 1849) • July 28Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1862) • August 3James Alexander Anderson, Canadian politician • August 4Siegfried Wagner, German composer and conductor, son of Richard Wagner (born 1869) • August 11Edward Angle, American dentist (b. 1855) • August 12 – Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien, English general (b. 1858) • August 15Florian Cajori, Swiss-born historian of mathematics (b. 1859) • August 21 – Sir Aston Webb, British architect (b. 1849) • August 24Tom Norman, British freak showman (b. 1860) • August 26Lon Chaney, American actor (b. 1883) • August 29William Archibald Spooner, British scholar, Anglican priest (b. 1844) September– OctoberSeptember 1Peeter Põld, Estonian pedagogical scientist, politician (b. 1878) • September 10Aubrey Faulkner, South African cricketer (b. 1881) • September 18Ruth Alexander, pioneering American pilot (b. 1905) • September 20Gombojab Tsybikov, Russian explorer (b. 1873) • September 28Daniel Guggenheim, American mining magnate and philanthropist (b. 1856) • Prince Leopold of Bavaria, German prince and field marshal (b. 1846) • October 4Olena Pchilka, Ukrainian writer, translator and publisher (b. 1849) • October 10Adolf Engler, German botanist (b. 1844) • October 15Herbert Henry Dow, Canadian-born chemical industrialist (b. 1866) • October 16James Surtees Phillpotts, English writer and educator (b. 1839) • October 20Valeriano Weyler, 1st Duke of Rubí, Spanish general (b. 1838) • October 26Harry Payne Whitney, American horse breeder and businessman (b. 1872) • October 27Ellen Hayes, American mathematician and astronomer (b. 1851) • October 28Mary Harrison McKee, de facto First Lady of the United States (b. 1858) • October 30Sakichi Toyoda, Japanese inventor, industrialist (b. 1867) November – December ) • NovemberAlfred Wegener, German geophysicist, meteorologist (b. 1880) • November 3Nikolai Alexandrov, Soviet actor and director (b. 1870) • November 4Akiyama Yoshifuru, Japanese general (b. 1859) • November 5Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician, pathologist, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1858) • Luigi Facta, Italian politician, 26th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1861) • November 8Alexander Bedward, Jamaican preacher (b. 1848) • November 9Tasker H. Bliss, American general (b. 1853) • November 20 – Sir Neville Howse, Australian politician and recipient of the Victoria Cross (b. 1863) • November 21Clelia Merloni, Italian nun and founder of the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus • November 26 – Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan, Sinhalese lawyer and politician (b. 1851) • November 27Johnny Tyldesley, English cricketer (b. 1873) • Simon Kahquados, Potawatomi political activist (b. 1851) • November 28Constantine VI, Turkish-born bishop, briefly Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1859) • November 30Mary Harris Jones, Irish-born American labor leader (b. 1837) • December 8Florbela Espanca, Portuguese poet (b. 1894) • December 9Andrew "Rube" Foster, American Negro league baseball player (b. 1879) • Laura Muntz Lyall, Canadian painter (b. 1860) • December 12Nikolai Pokrovsky, Russian politician, last foreign minister of the Russian Empire (b. 1865) • December 13Fritz Pregl, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869) • December 17Peter Warlock, British composer (b. 1894) • December 22Vintilă Brătianu, 31st Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1867) • December 25Eugen Goldstein, German physicist (b. 1850) ==Nobel Prizes==
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