is used in
Taa, where it represents the
glottalised or
creaky vowel . is used in many
languages. In
English, usually represents the monophthong as in
meat; due to a
sound change that happened in Middle English, it also often represents the vowel as in
sweat. Rare pronunciations occur, like in
break,
great,
steak, and
yea, and in the archaic
ealdorman. When followed by , it can represent the standard outcomes of the previously mentioned three vowels in this environment: as in
beard, as in
heard, and as in
bear, respectively; as another exception, occurs in the words
hearken,
heart, and
hearth. It often represents two independent vowels, like (
seance), (
reality), (
create), and or (
lineage). Unstressed, it may represent (
ocean) and or (
Eleanor). In
Romanian, it represents the diphthong as in ('drunk female'). In
Irish, represents between a slender and a broad consonant. In
Scottish Gaelic, represents , or between a slender and a broad context, depending on context or dialect. In
Old English, it represents the diphthong . is also the transliteration of the rune of the
Anglo-Frisian Futhorc. is used in
Irish for between a slender and a broad consonant. is used in
Scottish Gaelic for between a slender and a broad consonant. is used in
Irish for between a slender and a broad consonant. is used in
Scottish Gaelic for between a slender and a broad consonant, unless the broad consonant is m, mh, or p, in which case it represents . represents a long mid vowel in a number of languages. In
English, represents as in
teen. In
Dutch and
German, represents (though it is pronounced in majority of northern Dutch dialects). In the
Cantonese Romanisation, it represents as in English, or for characters which might be pronounced as in
other dialects. In
Bouyei, is used for plain , as stands for . is used in
Taa for the
murmured vowel . In the
Wade-Giles transliteration of
Mandarin Chinese, it is used for after a consonant, as in
yeh . In
German, represents , as in . This digraph was taken over from
Middle High German, where it represented . It usually represents a
diphthong. In
Modern German, is predominant in representing , as in
Einstein, while the equivalent digraph appears in only a few words. In
English, can represent many sounds, including , as in
vein, as in
seize, as in
heist, as in
heifer, as in
enceinte, and or as in
forfeit. See also
I before e except after c. In southern and western
Faroese dialects, it represents the diphthong , while in northern and eastern dialects, it represents the diphthong . In
Portuguese, represents in
Greater Lisbon, so do and , but or in Brazil, East Timor, Macau, rest of Portugal, and Portuguese-speaking African countries, In
Welsh and
Afrikaans, represents . In
Irish and
Scottish Gaelic, it represents or , or when unstressed, before a slender consonant. In
Dutch, represents . In
French, represents , as in . In
Hepburn romanization of the
Japanese language it is used to transcribe the sound . is used in
French for , as in . is used in
Irish for between slender consonants. is used in
Scottish Gaelic for or between slender consonants. is used in
Swedish in some short words, such as or . is used in
Portuguese for at the end of a word and before a consonant. In French orthography, it represents a when it is followed by or . is used in
Portuguese for at the end of a word. is used in
Portuguese for at the end of a word. is used in
Portuguese for at the end of a word and before a consonant. is used in
Portuguese for at the end of a word followed or not by an as in or ; and for before a consonant within a word. In
French, it represents or . is used in
Portuguese for before a consonant. is used in
Portuguese for before a consonant. is used in
Irish for ( in 4 words) between a slender and a broad consonant. In Scottish Gaelic it is used for between a slender and a broad consonant. In the
Jyutping romanization of
Cantonese, it represents , an allophone of , while in the
Cantonese Romanisation, it represents . In the
Revised Romanization of Korean, represents the
open-mid back unrounded vowel , and in
Piedmontese it is . In
English is a rare digraph without a single pronunciation, representing in
feoff,
jeopardy,
leopard and the given names
Geoffrey and
Leonard, in
people, in
yeoman and in the archaic
feodary, while in the originally Gaelic name
MacLeod it represents . However, usually it represents two vowels, like in
leotard and
galleon, in
stereo and, in
geodesy, and, uniquely, in
geoduck. is used in
Scottish Gaelic for word-initially, and elsewhere. is used in
Taa for the
pharyngealized vowel . is found in many
languages, most commonly for the diphthong . Additionally, in
English, represents as in
neuter ( in yod-dropping accents); however, the in "maneuver/manoeuvre" always represents even in most non yod-dropping accents. In
German, it represents as in ; and in
French,
Dutch,
Breton, and
Piedmontese, it represents . In
Cornish, it represents either long and short or long and short . In
Scottish Gaelic it normally represents , as in , except when preceding (e.g. ) and usually , or in certain high-register words such as where it represents , and in southern dialects it is in most contexts. In
Yale romanization of Cantonese it represents , while in the
Cantonese Romanisation, it represents . In romanization of
Wu Chinese, it represents , depending on the lect. In
Sundanese and
Acehnese, it represents as in ('red'). In the
Revised Romanization of Korean, it represents . is used in
French for , as in . is used in
English for as in
few and
flew. An exception is the pronunciation in
sew, leading to the
heteronym sewer,(, 'drain') vs
sewer (, 'one who sews'). In
Cornish, it stands for . is used in the
Kernowek Standard orthography of
Cornish to refer to a sound that can be either or . This distribution can also be written . is used in
English for a variety of sounds, including in
they, in
key, and in
geyser. In
Faroese, it represents the diphthong . In
Cornish, it represents the diphthong or . (a
split digraph) indicates an English
'long e', historically but now most commonly realised as . is used for in
Hokkien Pe̍h-ōe-jī. ==F==