Market1948
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1948

1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1948th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 948th year of the 2nd millennium, the 48th year of the 20th century, and the 9th year of the 1940s decade.

Events
JanuaryJanuary 1 • The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. • The current Constitutions of Italy and of New Jersey (both later subject to amendment) go into effect. • The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British Railways. • January 4Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom, becoming an independent republic, named the 'Union of Burma', with Sao Shwe Thaik as its first President and U Nu its first Prime Minister. • January 5 – In the United States: • Warner Brothers shows the first color newsreel (Tournament of Roses Parade and the Rose Bowl Game). • The first Kinsey Report, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, is published. • January 7Mantell UFO incident: Kentucky Air National Guard pilot Thomas Mantell crashes while in pursuit of an unidentified flying object. • January 12Mahatma Gandhi begins his fast-unto-death in Delhi, to stop communal violence during the Partition of India. • January 17 – A truce is declared between nationalist Indonesian and Dutch troops in Java. • January 22 – British foreign secretary Ernest Bevin proposes the formation of a Western Union between Britain, France and the Benelux countries to stand up against the Soviet Union. The Treaty of Brussels is signed March 17 as a consequence, a predecessor to NATO. • January 26 – Teigin poison case: a man masquerading as a doctor poisons 12 of 16 bank employees of the Tokyo branch of Imperial Bank and takes the money; artist Sadamichi Hirasawa is later sentenced to death for the crime, but is never executed. • January 29A DC-3 aircraft crash at Los Gatos Creek, near Coalinga, California, kills 4 US citizens and 28 deportees, commemorated in a protest song ("Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)") by Woody Guthrie. • January 30Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi: Indian pacifist and leader Mahatma Gandhi is shot by Nathuram Godse in New Delhi. • The 1948 Winter Olympics open in St Moritz, Switzerland. • January 31 – The British crown colony of the Malayan Union, Penang and Malacca form the Federation of Malaya. FebruaryFebruary 1 • The Soviet Union begins to jam Voice of America broadcasts. • The Federation of Malaya is proclaimed. • February 4Ceylon (later known as Sri Lanka) becomes an independent country, within the British Commonwealth adopting King George VI as the King of Ceylon. • February 11 – General Douglas Gracey becomes Commander-in-chief of Pakistan Army. • February 16Miranda, innermost of the large moons of Uranus, is discovered by Gerard Kuiper. • February 18Éamon de Valera, Irish head of government from 1918 to 1932, loses power to an opposition coalition. John A. Costello is appointed Taoiseach by President Seán T. O'Kelly, until 1960. • February 19 – The Conference of Youth and Students of Southeast Asia Fighting for Freedom and Independence convenes in Calcutta. • February 21 – The United States stock car racing organization NASCAR is founded by Bill France Sr. with other drivers. • February 22 – The first of the Ben Yehuda Street bombings in Jerusalem kills between 49 and 58 civilians and injures between 140 and 200. • February 251948 Czechoslovak coup d'état: Edvard Beneš, President of Czechoslovakia, cedes control of the country to the Communist Party, a day celebrated by that regime as "Victorious February" (; ) until November 1989. • February 28Accra Riots: Riots take place in Accra, capital of the British colony of Gold Coast, when a peaceful protest march by ex-servicemen is broken up by police, leaving several members of the group dead, among them Sergeant Adjetey, one of the leaders. • The 2nd Congress of the Communist Party of India convenes in Calcutta. MarchMarch 8McCollum v. Board of Education: The United States Supreme Court rules that religious instruction in public schools violates the U.S. Constitution. • March 12 – The Costa Rican Civil War begins. • March 17 • The Treaty of Brussels is signed by Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, providing for economic, social and cultural collaboration and collective self-defence. • The Hells Angels motorcycle gang is founded in California. • March 18 – The Round Table Conference convenes in The Hague, Netherlands, to prepare the decolonization process for the Caribbean island of Aruba and the other Dutch Colonies. Aruba presents the mandate of the Aruban People for Aruba to become an independent country, under the sovereignty of the House of Orange, based on Aruba's first state constitution presented officially since August 1947, and a (4th) member state of the future Dutch Commonwealth. • March 20Singapore holds its first elections. • Renowned Italian conductor Arturo Toscanini makes his television debut, conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra in an all-Wagner program in the United States. • The 20th Academy Awards Ceremony is held in Los Angeles. ''Gentleman's Agreement'' wins the Academy Award for Best Picture. • March 25 – The United States Proposal for Temporary United Nations Trusteeship for Palestine is announced by Harry S. Truman. AprilApril – Children's Bargain Town, a predecessor of toy and child-related retailer Toys "R" Us, is founded in Washington, D.C., United States. • April 1 – Physicists Ralph Asher Alpher and George Gamow publish the Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper, about the Big Bang. • April 3 • United States President Harry S. Truman signs the Marshall Plan, which authorizes $5 billion in aid for 16 countries. • Jeju Uprising: Residents revolt on Jeju island, South Korea, eventually leading to the deaths of between 14,000 and 30,000. • Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 is played on television in its entirety for the first time, in a series of concerts featuring Arturo Toscanini conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra in the United States. The chorus is conducted by Robert Shaw. • April 51947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine: Haganah launches Operation Nachshon, provoking the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight. • April 6 – The Finno-Soviet Treaty is signed in Moscow. • April 7– The World Health Organization is established by the United Nations. • April 9 • Liberal politician Jorge Eliécer Gaitán's assassination provokes a violent riot in Bogotá (the Bogotazo) and a further 10 years of violence (La Violencia) across Colombia. • The Deir Yassin massacre takes place in British Mandatory Palestine. • April 13 – The Hadassah medical convoy massacre takes place, in British Mandatory Palestine. • April 15Pan American World Airways flight 1-10 crashes on approach to Shannon Airport in Ireland, killing all but one of the thirty-one passengers and crew. • April 16 – The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is founded, as the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC). • April 18Italian general election, 1948: The first democratic general election with universal suffrage is held in Italy. The Christian Democracy party achieves a majority over the Popular Democratic Front Communist-Socialist coalition. • April 19Burma joins the United Nations. • The American Broadcasting Company (otherwise known as ABC) begins television services, on WFIL-TV in Philadelphia (later WPVI-TV). • April 22 • Civil War in Mandatory Palestine: Battle of Haifa – Jewish paramilitary group Haganah captures Haifa from the Arab Liberation Army. • WTVR begins television services. WTVR is the first TV station south of Washington D.C., giving it the nickname "The South's First Television station". • April 23 – First National Games of Pakistan held in Karachi. • April 24 – The Costa Rican Civil War ends. • April 30 • The Organization of American States (OAS) is founded. • The English-built Land Rover is unveiled at the Amsterdam Motor Show. MayMay – The RAND Corporation is established, as an independent nonprofit policy research and analysis institution, in the United States. • May 9Solar eclipse of May 9, 1948: An annular solar eclipse is visible in Japan and South Korea, and is the 32nd solar eclipse of Solar Saros 137. This eclipse is very short, lasting just 0.3 seconds. The path width is just about 200 meters wide (approximately 218 yards). • May 11Luigi Einaudi becomes President of the Italian Republic. , 1948 • May 14 – The Israeli Declaration of Independence is made. David Ben-Gurion becomes the first prime minister, a provisional position that will become formalized on February 14, 1949. • May 151948 Arab–Israeli War: The British Mandate of Palestine is officially terminated; expeditionary forces from Egypt, Transjordan, Syria and Iraq invade Israel and clash with Israeli forces after declaring war. • May 30 – A dike along the Columbia River breaks, obliterating Vanport, Oregon, within minutes; 15 people die and tens of thousands are left homeless. JuneJune 1Puma, a global sports goods brand, is founded in Bavaria, West Germany, by Rudolf Dassler, having split from his brother "Adi". • June 3 – The Palomar Observatory telescope is finished in California. • June 10Hasan Saka forms the new government of Turkey. (17th government; Hasan Saka had served twice as a prime minister) • June 11 – The first monkey astronaut, Albert I, is launched into space from White Sands, New Mexico. • June 15 – Chinese newspaper Renmin Ribao (''People's Daily'') is first published in Pingshan County, Hebei. • June 17United Airlines Flight 624, a Douglas DC-6, crashes near Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania, killing 43 and injuring 84 people on board. • June 18Malayan Emergency: A state of emergency is declared in the Federation of Malaya, due to a communist insurgency. • Columbia Records introduces its rpm long playing phonograph format. • June 20 – The U.S. Congress recesses for the remainder of 1948, after an overtime session closes at 7:00 a.m. (to be shortly interrupted by Truman's recall from Congressional recess for July 20, 1948). • June 21 • The Deutsche Mark becomes the official currency of the future Federal Republic of Germany. • The Manchester Baby in England becomes the first stored-program computer to successfully execute a program. • June 22 • The ship brings more than 800 Afro-Caribbean immigrants to Tilbury near London, the start of a large wave of immigration to Britain. • David Lean's Oliver Twist, based on Charles Dickens's famous novel, premieres in the UK. It is banned for 3 years in the U.S., because of alleged antisemitism in depicting master criminal Fagin, played by Alec Guinness. landing at Berlin Tempelhof AirportJune 24Cold War: The Berlin Blockade begins. • The first World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization is held in Geneva. • June 26William Shockley files the original patent for the grown-junction transistor, the first bipolar junction transistor. • The Berlin Airlift begins. • June 28 • The Cominform Resolution marks the beginning of the Informbiro period in Yugoslavia and the Soviet/Yugoslav split. • The 6.8 Fukui earthquake strikes Fukui, Japan; 3,769 are killed, 22,203 injured. • Lotte Group, a global conglomerate in Northeast Asia (South Korea and Japan), is founded. JulyJuly 5 – The National Health Service in the United Kingdom begins functioning, giving the right to universal healthcare, free at point of use. • July 6 – The world's first Air Car-ferry service is flown by a Bristol Freighter of Silver City Airways, from Lympne to Le Touquet across the English Channel. • July 13 – The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria and Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Churches reach an agreement, leading to the promotion of the Ethiopian church to the rank of an autocephalous Patriarchate. Five bishops are immediately consecrated by the Patriarch of Alexandria and the successor to Abuna Qerellos IV is granted the power to consecrate new bishops, who are empowered to elect a new Patriarch for their church. • July 14 – The attempted assassination of Palmiro Togliatti, general secretary of the Italian Communist Party, results in numerous strikes all over the country. • July 15 – The first London chapter of Alcoholics Anonymous is founded. • July 16 – Three armed men hijack the Cathay Pacific passenger plane Miss Macao and shoot the pilot; the plane crashes, killing 26 of 27 people on board. • July 20Cold War: • President Harry S. Truman issues the second peacetime military draft in the United States, amid increasing tensions with the Soviet Union (the first peacetime draft occurred in 1940 under President Roosevelt) • Eugene Dennis, William Z. Foster and ten other Communist Party USA leaders are arrested and charged under the Alien Registration Act. • July 22 – The Dominion of Newfoundland votes to join Canada, after a referendum. • July 26 – U.S. President Truman signs Executive Order 9981, ending racial segregation in the United States Armed Forces. • July 28 – Around 200 die in an explosion at a chemical plant in Ludwigshafen, Germany. • July 29 – The 1948 Summer Olympics begin in London, the first since the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. • July 31 • At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport) is dedicated. • American defector Elizabeth Bentley, previously working on behalf of the Soviet Union, appears under subpoena before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) of the United States House of Representatives regarding Communist espionage; she implicates Whittaker Chambers. • July–October – Claude E. Shannon publishes "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" in Bell System Technical Journal (US), regarded as a foundation of information theory and all modern digital communications, which also leads to the adoption of the term bit. AugustAugust 3Whittaker Chambers appears under subpoena before the HUAC and alleges that several former U.S. Federal officials were communists, including Harry Dexter White and Alger Hiss. • August 5Alger Hiss appears before the HUAC, to deny the allegations of Whittaker Chambers. • August 1023 – The Herrenchiemsee convention prepares the draft for the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany. • August 12Babrra massacre: About 600 unarmed members of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement are shot dead on the orders of the Chief Minister of the North-West Frontier Province, Abdul Qayyum Khan Kashmiri, on Babrra ground in the Hashtnagar region of Charsadda District, North-West Frontier Province (modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Pakistan. • August 13Harry Dexter White and Donald Hiss refute allegations of Communism by Whittaker Chambers, before the HUAC. • August 141948 Ashes series: Australian batsman Don Bradman, playing his last Test cricket match, against England at The Oval, is bowled by Eric Hollies for a duck (leaving his career Test batting average at 99.94); however, "The Invincibles" win the match by an innings and 149 runs, and The Ashes 4–0. • August 14Beaver drop, an Idaho Department of Fish and Game program to relocate beavers from Northwestern Idaho to the Chamberlain Basin in Central Idaho. The program involves parachuting beavers into the Chamberlain Basin. • August 15 – The southern half of Korea is established as the Republic of Korea (South Korea). • August 17 – The HUAC holds a private session between Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers. • August 18 – The Danube Commission is created by the Belgrade Convention (enters into force 11 May 1949). • August 19Toho strikes: A sitdown strike at Toho film studio in Tokyo ends after the studio is surrounded by 2,000 police and a platoon of U.S. Eighth Army soldiers. • August 20Lee Pressman, Nathan Witt and John Abt, represented by Harold I. Cammer, plead the Fifth Amendment, in response to allegations of Communism by Whittaker Chambers before the HUAC. • August 23 – The World Council of Churches is established in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. • August 24 – The first meeting of the charter members of the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan (ACCJ) is held. • August 25 – The HUAC holds its first-ever televised congressional hearing, featuring "Confrontation Day" between Whittaker Chambers and Alger Hiss. • August 27Whittaker Chambers states that Alger Hiss was a communist on Meet the Press radio. SeptemberSeptember 4 – Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands abdicates for health reasons. • September 5Robert Schuman becomes Prime Minister of France. • September 6Juliana is formally inaugurated to succeed her mother as queen regnant of the Netherlands. • September 9 – The northern half of Korea is formally declared the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea), with Kim Il Sung as prime minister. • September 11Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder and first Governor-General of Pakistan, dies. Pakistan is in a state of shock as it mourns the departure of the father of the nation. The day is a public holiday nationwide. • September 1318Indian annexation of Hyderabad ("Operation Polo"): The princely state of Hyderabad is invaded by the Indian Armed Forces in a "police action", in the aftermath of Pakistani leader Jinnah's death. The Nizam of Hyderabad surrenders his state, which is amalgamated into the newly independent Dominion of India; thousands are killed as a result of this event. • September 13Margaret Chase Smith of Maine is elected United States Senator, becoming the first woman to serve in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate. • September 17Lehi members, also known as the Stern Gang, assassinate Swedish count Folke Bernadotte, United Nations Mediator in Palestine, in Jerusalem. • September 18 – An inaugural motor race is held at Goodwood Circuit, West Sussex, England. • September 20 – The city of Rabwah is established in Pakistan. • September 27Alger Hiss files a slander suit against Whittaker Chambers, for his August 27 radio statement in the United States. • September 29Laurence Olivier's film of Hamlet opens in the U.S. OctoberOctober 5 – The International Union for the Protection of Nature (later known as the International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN) is established in Fontainebleau, France. • October 61948 Ashgabat earthquake: A 7.3 earthquake near Ashgabat, Soviet Turkmenistan kills 10,000–110,000. • October 10 – The R-1 missile on test becomes the first Soviet launch to enter space. • October 16 – The 57th Street Art Fair in Chicago, the oldest juried art fair in the American Midwest, is founded. • October 19Presidents North Carolina Gave the Nation, a monument honoring three presidents of the United States, was dedicated at the North Carolina State Capitol in Raleigh, North Carolina. • October 20Brandeis University is formally founded in Massachusetts. • October 26Donora Smog of 1948: A killer smog settles into Donora, Pennsylvania. • October 291948 Arab–Israeli War: Massacres of Palestinian Arab villagers by the Israel Defense Forces: • Al-Dawayima massacre: Between 30 and 145 are killed. • Safsaf massacre: At least 52 are killed. • October 30Gozo luzzu disaster: A luzzu fishing boat overloaded with passengers capsizes and sinks in the Gozo Channel off Qala, Gozo, Malta, killing 23 of the 27 people on board. NovemberNovember 1 • The Foley Square trial of Eugene Dennis and ten other CPUSA leaders begins, in New York City. • Athenagoras I is elected the 268th Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. • A boiler and ammunition explosion aboard merchant ship Xuan Huai evacuating troops of the Republic of China Army from Yingkou, China for Taiwan causes thousands of deaths. headline of the Chicago Daily Tribune. • November 21948 United States presidential election: Democratic incumbent Harry S. Truman defeats Republican Thomas E. Dewey, "Dixiecrat" Strom Thurmond and Progressive party candidate Henry A. Wallace. • November 12 – In Tokyo, an international war crimes tribunal sentences seven Japanese military and government officials to death, including General Hideki Tojo, for their roles in World War II. • November 15Louis Stephen St. Laurent becomes Canada's 12th prime minister. • November 16Operation Magic Carpet to transport Jews from Yemen to Israel begins. • The University of the Andes (Universidad de los Andes) is founded in Bogotá, Colombia. • November 17Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi divorces his second wife, the former Princess Fawzia of Egypt. • Whittaker Chambers produces secret government papers, handwritten and typewritten by Alger Hiss, during pretrial examination. • November 20Geoffrey B. Orbell rediscovers the Takahē, last seen 50 years previously, near Lake Te Anau, New Zealand. • November 24 – In Venezuela, president Rómulo Gallegos is ousted by a military junta. • November 27 – The Calgary Stampeders defeat the Ottawa Rough Riders 12–7 before 20,013 fans at Toronto's Varsity Stadium, to win their first Grey Cup and complete the only perfect season to date in Canadian football. December , 1948 • December 1José Figueres Ferrer abolishes the army in Costa Rica, making it the first country in history to do so. • December 2 – The United States House Un-American Activities Committee subpoenas and retrieves the "Pumpkin Papers" from the farm of Whittaker Chambers. • December 4 – Chinese liner sinks after an explosion occurs at the stern, which is thought to have been caused by a Japanese mine from World War 2, killing up to 3920 people. • December 6Richard Nixon displays microfilm from the "Pumpkin Papers" to the press. • December 9 – The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Genocide Convention. • December 10 – The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. • December 1112Malayan Emergency: Batang Kali massacre: Scots Guards shoot 24 Chinese villagers in Malaya. • December 15 – The United States Department of Justice indicts Alger Hiss, on two counts of perjury. • December 17 – The Finnish Security Police is established to remove communist leadership from its predecessor, the State Police. • December 19 – In the American National Football League, the Philadelphia Eagles defeat the Chicago Cardinals 7–0, to win the championship. • December 20Indonesian National Revolution: The Dutch military captures Yogyakarta, the temporary capital of the newly formed Republic of Indonesia. • American economist and former State Department official and spy for the Soviet Union Laurence Duggan falls to his death, from the 16th story window of his Manhattan office. • December 23 – Seven Japanese military and political leaders, convicted of war crimes by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, are executed by Allied occupation authorities, at Sugamo Prison in Tokyo, Japan. • December 26 • The last Soviet troops withdraw from North Korea. • Cardinal József Mindszenty is arrested in Hungary and accused of treason and conspiracy. • December 28 – A Muslim Brotherhood member assassinates Egyptian Prime Minister Mahmud Fahmi Nokrashi. • December 30 – The musical Kiss Me, Kate opens for the first of 1,077 performances in New York City. • December 31Arab-Israeli War: Israeli troops drive Egyptians from the Negev. Date unknown • The Fresh Kills Landfill, the world's largest, opens on Staten Island, New York. • The Slovak city Gúta is renamed Kolárovo. • The Vielha Tunnel is opened, giving access to the Val d'Aran in the Spanish Pyrenees; at this time it is the longest road tunnel in the world. • The Oakridge Transit Centre opens in Vancouver, British Columbia. • The last recorded sighting is made of the Caspian tiger, in Kazakh SSR. • A pack of wolves kills about 40 children in Darovskoy District, in Russia. • The last edition of the Index Librorum Prohibitorum is published in the Vatican. • Charles Warrell creates the first I-Spy books in the United Kingdom. • Rev. W. Awdry's third book, James the Red Engine, is published in the United Kingdom. • Inspired by World War II fighter planes, Cadillac introduces the first automobile to sport tailfins. • The inaugural 6 Hours of Watkins Glen sports car endurance race is held in the United States. ==Births==
Births
JanuaryJanuary 1Allan Alcorn, American engineer • January 2Judith Miller, American journalist • Joyce Wadler, American writer, memoirist • Deborah Watling, English actress (d. 2017) • January 3Wanda Seux, Paraguayan vedette, dancer and actress (d. 2020) • January 5Wally Foreman, Australian media icon (d. 2006) • Ted Lange, African-American actor, director (The Love Boat) • January 6Guy Gardener, American astronaut • Bob Wise, Governor of West Virginia • January 7Kenny Loggins, American rock singer (Footloose) • Ichirou Mizuki, Japanese voice actor (d. 2022) • January 10Remu Aaltonen, Finnish musician • Donald Fagen, American rock keyboardist (Steely Dan) • Teresa Graves, African-American actress and comedian (Get Christie Love) (d. 2002) • Mischa Maisky, Latvian cellist • January 11Hiroshi Wajima, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 2018) • Terry Goodkind, American writer (d. 2020) • Danne Larsson, Swedish musician • January 12Kenny Allen, English footballer • Anthony Andrews, English actor • January 13V. Krishnasamy, Malaysian footballer (d. 2020) • Françoise David, Canadian spokesperson • January 14T Bone Burnett, American record producer, musician • Muhriz of Negeri Sembilan, Yamtuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan • Carl Weathers, African-American actor, football player (Rocky IV, Action Jackson) (d. 2024) • January 15Ronnie Van Zant, American rock musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1977) • January 16John Carpenter, American film director, producer, screenwriter and composer • Gregor Gysi, German politician • Cliff Thorburn, Canadian snooker player • Tsuneo Horiuchi, Japanese baseball pitcher, manager • January 17Billy T. James, New Zealand comedian, musician and actor (d. 1991) • Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 2026) • January 18M. C. Gainey, American actor • January 19Lawrence Cartwright, Bahamian politician • Robert Llewellyn Lyons, Canadian politician • January 20Nancy Kress, American science fiction writer • Jerry L. Ross, American air engineer • January 23Katharine Holabird, American writer • Mitoji Yabunaka, Japanese politician • January 24Miklós Németh, Hungarian economist and politician, Prime Minister of Hungary from 1988 until 1990 • January 27Mikhail Baryshnikov, Russian dancer • January 28Ilkka Kanerva, Finnish politician (d. 2022) • Charles Taylor, Liberian politician, 22nd President of LiberiaJanuary 29Marc Singer, Canadian actor (V) • January 30Akira Yoshino, Japanese chemist, Nobel Prize laureate • Paul Magee, Provisional Irish Republican Army member • January 31Paul Jabara, American actor, singer and songwriter (d. 1992) • Muneo Suzuki, Japanese politician FebruaryFebruary 1Rick James, African-American urban singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer (d. 2004) • February 2Ina Garten, American cooking author • Roger Williamson, British race car driver (d. 1973) • February 3Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, East Timorean Catholic bishop, recipient of the Nobel Peace PrizeHenning Mankell, Swedish crime novelist (d. 2015) • February 4Alice Cooper, American hard rock singer and musician (''School's Out'') • Ram Baran Yadav, President of NepalFebruary 5Jim Dornan, Northern Irish obstetrician and gynecologist (d. 2021) • Sven-Göran Eriksson, Swedish football manager (d. 2024) • Christopher Guest, American actor, screenwriter, director and composer (National Lampoon, Saturday Night Live) • Barbara Hershey, American actress (Beaches) • Tom Wilkinson, English actor (d. 2023) • February 7Susan Doran, British historian • Jimmy Greenspoon, American keyboardist, composer (Three Dog Night) (d. 2015) • February 8Dan Seals, American musician (d. 2009) • February 9David Hayman, Scottish film, television and stage actor, director • Greg Stafford, American game designer, publisher (d. 2018) • February 10Ûssarĸak K'ujaukitsoĸ, Greenlandic Inuk politician, human rights activist (d. 2018) • John Magnier, Irish businessman, thoroughbred racehorse breeder • February 11Chris Rush, American stand-up comedian • February 12Raymond Kurzweil, American inventor, author • February 13Kitten Natividad, Mexican-American film actress (d. 2022) • February 14Jackie Martling, American comedian, radio personality • Wally Tax, Dutch musician (d. 2005) • Raymond Teller, American illusionist and magician, one half of the duo Penn & TellerYehuda Shoenfeld, Israeli physician, autoimmunity researcher • February 15Larry DiTillio, American film and TV series writer (d. 2019) • February 16Eckhart Tolle, German-Canadian spiritual author • February 17György Cserhalmi, Hungarian actor • José José, Mexican singer, actor (d. 2019) • February 18Sinéad Cusack, Irish actress • February 19Pim Fortuyn, Dutch politician, author (d. 2002) • Tony Iommi, English heavy metal guitarist • Elizabeth Sackler, American activist • Raúl Grijalva, American politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (d. 2025) • February 20Jennifer O'Neill, American model, actress • February 21Christian Vander (musician), French drummer, founder of progressive rock/Zeuhl group Magma • February 22John Ashton, American actor (d. 2024) • Leslie H. Sabo Jr., American Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1970) • February 24Jayalalithaa, Indian politician, film actress (d. 2016) • Walter Smith, Scottish football manager (d. 2021) • February 25Danny Denzongpa, Indian actor • February 28Steven Chu, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate • Mike Figgis, American director, screenwriter and composer • Kjell Isaksson, Swedish pole vaulter • Bernadette Peters, American actress, singer • Mercedes Ruehl, American actress • Alfred Sant, Leader of Malta Labour Party (1992–), Prime Minister of Malta (1996–1998) • February 29Khalid Salleh, Malaysian actor, poet (d. 2018) • Ken Foree, American actor • Henry Small, American-born Canadian singer MarchMarch 1Gopanarayan Das, Indian politician (d. 2022) • March 2R. T. Crowley, American pioneer of electronic commerce • Rory Gallagher, Irish musician (d. 1995) • Jeff Kennett, Australian politician • March 3Steve Wilhite, American computer scientist, developer of the GIF image format at CompuServe in 1987 (d. 2022) • March 4Lindy Chamberlain-Creighton, Australian author (A Cry in the Dark) • James Ellroy, American writer • Tom Grieve, American baseball player • Leron Lee, American baseball player • Chris Squire, English bassist (Yes) (d. 2015) • Shakin' Stevens, Welsh singer • Brian Cummings, American voice actor • March 5Eddy Grant, Guyanese British singer, musician ("Electric Avenue") • Elaine Paige, English singer, actress • March 6Anna Maria Horsford, African-American actress (Amen) • March 8Sinta Nuriyah, 4th First Lady of Indonesia, wife of Abdurrahman WahidJonathan Sacks, British Orthodox rabbi, philosopher, theologian, author and politician (d. 2020) • March 9László Lovász, Hungarian mathematician • Jeffrey Osborne, American singer ("On the Wings of Love") • March 10Doug Clark, American serial killer (d. 2023) • March 11Dominique Sanda, French actress • March 12James Taylor, American singer, songwriter ("Fire and Rain") • March 13Maurice A. de Gosson, Austrian mathematician • March 14Billy Crystal, American actor, comedian • March 15Sérgio Vieira de Mello, Brazilian diplomat (d. 2003) • March 16Margaret Weis, American science fiction writer • March 17William Gibson, American/Canadian writer • March 18Jessica B. Harris, American historian and journalist • Bobby Whitlock, American singer, songwriter and musician (d. 2025) • March 20John de Lancie, American actor • Bobby Orr, Canadian hockey player • Helene Vannari, Estonian actress (d. 2022) • March 22Inri Cristo, Brazilian educator who claims to be Jesus Christ reincarnated • Wolf Blitzer, American television journalist (CNN) • Andrew Lloyd Webber, English composer (Jesus Christ Superstar) • March 25Bonnie Bedelia, American actress • March 26Nash the Slash (b. James Jeffrey Plewman), Canadian musician (d. 2014) • Steven Tyler, American rock singer, songwriter (Aerosmith) • Gayyur Yunus, Azerbaijani painter • March 28Jayne Ann Krentz, American novelist • Dianne Wiest, American actress • March 29Mike Heideman, American basketball coach (d. 2018) • Bud Cort, American actor (d. 2026) • March 30Eddie Jordan, Irish founder of Jordan Grand Prix (d. 2025) • March 31Rhea Perlman, American actress (Cheers) • Al Gore, American politician and environmentalist, 45th Vice President of the United States AprilApril 1Jimmy Cliff, Jamaican singer, actor • April 2Bob Lienhard, American basketball player (d. 2018) • Roald Als, Danish cartoonist • April 3Carlos Salinas de Gortari, Mexican economist, politician and 53rd President of Mexico (1988–1994) • April 4Squire Parsons, American gospel singer, songwriter (d. 2025) • Dan Simmons, American fantasy, science fiction author (d. 2026) • Berry Oakley, American musician (d. 1972) • April 5Neil Portnow, American President of The Recording Academy (NARAS) • April 7Arnie Robinson, American Olympic Long jump champion (d. 2020) • John Oates, American rock singer, guitarist (Hall & Oates) • Pietro Anastasi, Italian football player (d. 2020) • April 9Jaya Bachchan, Indian actress and politician • April 10Fauzi Bowo, Indonesian politician and diplomat, governor of JakartaApril 12Jeremy Beadle, English TV presenter (d. 2008) • Don Fernando, American pornographic film actor, director • Joschka Fischer, German politician • Marcello Lippi, Italian football player, manager • April 13Nam Hae-il, 25th Chief of Naval Operations of the Republic of Korea NavyMikhail Shufutinsky, Soviet, Russian singer, actor and TV presenter • April 15Michael Kamen, American composer (d. 2003) • April 16Ammar El Sherei, Egyptian music icon, celebrity (d. 2012) • Kazuyuki Sogabe, Japanese voice actor (d. 2006) • April 17Jan Hammer, Czechoslovakian composer, pianist and keyboardist • Peter Jenni, Swiss experimental particle physicist • April 18Avi Arad, Israeli-American film producer • April 20Paul Milgrom, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate • April 21Paul Davis, American singer, songwriter (Cool Night) (d. 2008) • Josef Flammer, Swiss ophthalmologist (after whom Flammer syndrome is named) • April 24István Szívós, Hungarian water polo player (d. 2019) • April 27Amrit Kumar Bohara, Nepalese politician • Frank Abagnale, American con man, imposter • Si Robertson, American reality star, preacher, hunter, outdoorsman and U.S. Army veteran • April 28Terry Pratchett, English comic fantasy, science fiction author (d. 2015) • Marcia Strassman, American actress, singer (Welcome Back, Kotter) (d. 2014) • April 29Michael Karoli, German musician (d. 2001) • John Batchelor, American author and radio host • April 30Jocelyne Saab, Lebanese journalist, film director (d. 2019) MayMay 2Vladimir Matorin, Russian opera singer • Larry Gatlin, American singer, songwriter • May 3William H. Miller, American maritime historian • Chris Mulkey, American actor • May 4Jan Kantůrek, Czech translator (d. 2018) • Tanya Falan, American singer • King George Tupou V of Tonga (d. 2012) • May 5Joe Esposito, American singer, songwriter • Richard Pacheco, American pornographic actor • Bill Ward, English rock drummer • May 7Susan Atkins, convicted murderer and ex-follower of Charles Manson (d. 2009) • May 8 • Dame Felicity Lott, English soprano • Stephen Stohn, Canadian television producer • May 9Steven W. Mosher, American social scientist, author • Calvin Murphy, American basketball player, analyst • May 10Meg Foster, American actress • May 11Pam Ferris, Welsh actress • Shigeru Izumiya, Japanese musician • May 12Steve Winwood, English rock singer ("Higher Love") • Lindsay Crouse, American actress • May 14Bob Woolmer, Indian-born English cricket coach (d. 2007) • May 15Yutaka Enatsu, Japanese professional baseball pitcher • Brian Eno, English musician, record producer • May 16Jesper Christensen, Danish actor • May 17Penny DeHaven, American country singer (d. 2014) • May 18Olivia Harrison, American author and film producer • Mikko Heiniö, Finnish composer • May 19Grace Jones, Jamaican singer, actress • May 20Tesshō Genda, Japanese voice actor • May 21D'Jamin Bartlett, American musical theatre actress • Elizabeth Buchan, English writer • Jonathan Hyde, Australian-born English actor • Carol Potter, American actress • Leo Sayer, English rock musician ("When I Need You") • May 23Gary McCord, American professional golfer • May 25Klaus Meine, German singer (Scorpions) • May 26Dayle Haddon, Canadian model, actress (d. 2024) • Stevie Nicks, American rock singer, songwriter (Fleetwood Mac) • May 27Wubbo de Boer, Dutch civil servant • May 29Michael Berkeley, English composer • May 30Paul L. Schechter, American astronomer and cosmologist • May 31Svetlana Alexievich, Belarusian writer of literary reportage, Nobel Prize laureate • Lynda Bellingham, English actress, broadcaster and author (d. 2014) • John Bonham, English rock drummer (Led Zeppelin) (d. 1980) JuneJune 1Powers Boothe, American actor (Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones) (d. 2017) • Tom Sneva, American race car driver, Indianapolis 500 winner • June 2Jerry Mathers, American actor (Leave It to Beaver) • June 3Carlos Franzetti, Argentine composer and arranger • June 4Bob Champion, English jump jockey • David Haskell, American actor (d. 2000) • June 6Richard Sinclair, English musician (Caravan) • June 7Jim C. Walton, American business person, (Walmart) • June 8Jürgen von der Lippe, German television presenter, actor and comedian • Jad Azkoul, Lebanese-American classical guitarist • June 9Gudrun Schyman, Swedish politician • Gary Thorne, American play-by-play announcer • June 10Subrata Roy, Indian businessman (d. 2023) • June 11Dave Cash, American baseball player • June 12Sadegh Zibakalam, Iranian academic reformist • June 13Garnet Bailey, Canadian hockey player, scout (d. 2001) • June 14Laurence Yep, American author • June 15Paul Michiels, Belgian singer, songwriter • June 16Terry Schofield, American basketball player • June 17Dave Concepción, Venezuelan baseball player • June 18Sherry Turkle, American science/social studies professor • Eliezer Halfin, Israeli wrestler (d. 1972) • June 19Nick Drake, English musician (d. 1974) • Lea Laven, Finnish singer • Phylicia Rashad, African-American actress (The Cosby Show) • June 20Véronique de Montchalin, French politician • Diana Mara Henry, American freelance photojournalist • Alan Longmuir, Scottish musician (d. 2018) • Ludwig Scotty, President of Nauru (d. 2026) • Tina Sinatra, American singer, actress, film producer and memoirist • June 21Don Airey, British musician • Lionel Rose, Australian boxer (d. 2011) • Jovan Aćimović, Serbian football player • Raffaello Martinelli, Italian prelate • Philippe Sarde, French film composer • Andrzej Sapkowski, Polish writer • Wolfgang Seel, German football player • Greg Hyder, American professional basketball player • June 22Takashi Sasano, Japanese actor • Shōhaku Okumura, Japanese Soto Zen • Peter Prijdekker, Dutch swimmer • Sue Roberts, American professional golfer • Todd Rundgren, American rock singer, record producer (''Hello It's Me'') • Curtis Johnson, American football cornerback • Franciszek Smuda, Polish football coach • Panagiotis Xanthakos, Greek sports shoote • Colin Waldron, English football defender • June 23Larry Coker, American football player, coach • Jim Heacock, American defensive coordinator • Luther Kent, American blues singer • June 24Stephen Martin, Australian politician, senior academic and rugby league referee • Patrick Moraz, Swiss keyboard player • Janet Museveni, First Lady of Uganda • Dave Orchard, South African cricketer • Eigil Sørensen, Danish cyclist • Jürgen Stars, German footballer • Jenny Wood, Zimbabwean swimmer • June 25Kenn George, American businessman • Michael Lembeck, American actor, television and film director • Tom Rideout, Canadian politician • June 26David Vaughan, Welsh professional golfer • John Pratt, English professional footballer • Pablo Anaya Rivera, Mexican politician • June 27Vennira Aadai Nirmala, Tamil actress • Michael J. Barrett, Guamanian politician • Camile Baudoin, American rock guitarist • June 28Deborah Moggach, English writer • Kathy Bates, American actress (Misery) • Jimmy Thomson, Scottish professional footballer • Brian Rowan, Scottish professional footballer • June 29Danny Adcock, Australian actor • Vic Brooks, English cricketer • Leo Burke, Canadian professional wrestler • Fred Grandy, American actor, politician (The Love Boat) • Helge Karlsen, Norwegian football player • Ian Paice, English musician (Deep Purple) • Usha Prashar, Baroness Prashar, crossbench member of the House of Lords • June 30Alice Wong, Canadian politician • Dag Fornæss, Norwegian speed skater • Peter Rossborough, English rugby union international • Galarrwuy Yunupingu, Australian Indigenous community leader (d. 2023) • Vladimir Yakunin, Russian official, head of state-run Russian Railways Company • Raymond Leo Burke, American cardinal, prelate JulyJuly 1Ever Hugo Almeida, Paraguayan footballer • Hap Farber, American football linebacker. • John Ford, English-born rock musician (Strawbs), writer of Part of the UnionMichael McGimpsey, Northern Ireland politician • July 2Mario Villanueva, Mexican politician • Saul Rubinek, German-Canadian character actor, director, producer and playwright • July 3Tarmo Koivisto, Finnish comics artist • July 4René Arnoux, French racing driver • Louis Raphaël I Sako, Head of the Chaldean Catholic Church • Ed Armbrister, Bahamian Major League Baseball outfielder • Nazmul Hussain, Indian first-class cricketer • Jeremy Spencer, British musician • July 5Tony DeMeo, American football coach, player • Dave Lemonds, American baseball player • Salomon Juan Marcos Issa, Mexican politician • Lojze Peterle, Slovenian politician • William Hootkins, American actor (d. 2005) • July 6Nathalie Baye, French actress • Jeff Webb, American professional basketball player • Arnaldo Baptista, Brazilian rock musician, composer • Brad Park, Canadian NHL Defenseman • Sid Smith, American football offensive lineman • Eiko Segawa, Japanese female enka singer, actress • Jan van der Veen, Dutch professional association football player • July 7Jerry Sherk, American football defensive tackle • Jean LeClerc, Québécois actor • Jean-Marie Colombani, French journalist • Tan Lee Meng, Singaporean jurist • Stuart Varney, British-American economic consultant • Luis Estrada, Mexican football league forward, Olympic athlete • July 8Raffi, Egyptian-born children's entertainer • July 10Theo Bücker, German football manager, player • Mick Coop, English professional football right back • Rich Hand, American professional baseball player • July 12Richard Simmons, American television personality, fitness expert (d. 2024) • Jay Thomas, American actor (d. 2017) • July 13Alf Hansen, Norwegian rower • Daphne Maxwell Reid, African-American actress • Don Sweet, Canadian star football kicker • Robert A. Underwood, Guamanian politician, educator • July 14Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu, Zulu king (d. 2021) • July 15Enriqueta Basilio, Mexican track and field athlete (d. 2019) • Richard Franklin, Australian film director (d. 2007) • Twinkle, English singer, songwriter (d. 2015) • July 16Rubén Blades, Panamanian singer, actor and musician • Rita Barberá, Spanish politician, Mayor of Valencia (d. 2016) • Lars Lagerbäck, Swedish football manager, player • Jeff Van Wagenen, American professional golfer • Pinchas Zukerman, Israeli violinist • July 17Doug Berry, American Canadian football coach • Alan Sieler, Australian cricketer • July 18Hartmut Michel, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate • July 20Muse Watson, American actor • Maroun Elias Nimeh Lahham, Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tunis • July 21Beppe Grillo, Italian activist, blogger, comedian and actor • Ed Hinton, American sportswriter • Cat Stevens (b. Steven Georgiou, later known as Yusuf Islam), British singer, musician • Garry Trudeau, American cartoonist (Doonesbury) • Teruzane Utada, Japanese music executive producer, attendant • Mikhail Zadornov, Russian stand-up comedian, writer • Snooty, male Florida manatee (d. 2017) • Anders Berglund, Swedish arranger/composer, conductor and producer • July 22Susan Eloise Hinton, American author • Otto Waalkes, German comedian, actor • July 23John Cushnahan, Northern Irish politician • July 25Steve Goodman, American Grammy Award-winning folk music singer, songwriter (d. 1984) • Tony Cline, American football player (d. 2018) • July 27Peggy Fleming, American figure skater • July 28Gerald Casale, American director, singer (Devo)\ • Georgia Engel, American actress (d. 2019) • July 29Meir Shalev Israeli writer and newspaper columnist for the daily Yedioth Ahronoth. Shalev's books have been translated into 26 languages (d.2023) • July 30Jean Reno, French actor • Julia Tsenova, Bulgarian composer, musician (d. 2010) • July 31Jonathan Dollimore, English academic sociologist, cultural theorist AugustAugust 2Dennis Prager, American radio talk show host, author • Bob Rae, Canadian politician • August 3Jean-Pierre Raffarin, Prime Minister of France • August 4Giorgio Parisi, Italian theoretical physicist and Nobel Prize laureate • August 7James P. Allison, American immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine • August 8Wincey Willis, British broadcaster (d. 2024) • August 12Mizengo Pinda, 9th Prime Minister of Tanzania • August 13Kathleen Battle, African-American soprano • August 14Joseph Marcell, English actor • August 15Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi, Iranian cleric, politician (d. 2018) • George Ryton, Singapore-born English Formula One engineer • August 18Sean Scanlan, Scottish actor (d. 2017) • Robert Hughes, Australian actor • Deana Martin, American singer and actress • August 20John Noble, Australian actor • Robert Plant, English singer (Led Zeppelin) • Barbara Allen Rainey (b. Barbara Ann Allen), American aviator, first female pilot in the U.S. armed forces (d. 1982) • August 21Sharon M. Draper, American children's book author (Out of My Mind) • Peter Starkie, Australian rock guitarist (Skyhooks, Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons) • August 22David Marks, American guitarist (The Beach Boys) • Carolyn L. Mazloomi, American quilter and art historian • August 23Lev Zeleny, Soviet, Russian physicist • August 24Jean-Michel Jarre, French electronic musician • Sauli Niinistö, Finnish politician, 12th President of FinlandKim Sung-il, Chief of Staff of the Republic of Korea Air ForceVicente Sotto III, Filipino actor, host and politician • August 25Tony Ramos, Brazilian actor • August 27Sgt. Slaughter, American professional wrestler • August 30Lewis Black, American comedian • Fred Hampton, American activist (d. 1969) • Victor Skumin, Russian scientist, professor • August 31Cyril Jordan, American musician • Holger Osieck, German football manager SeptemberSeptember 1James Rebhorn, American actor (d. 2014) • September 2Nate Archibald, American basketball player • Terry Bradshaw, American football player, sportscaster • Christa McAuliffe, American teacher and astronaut (d. in Space Shuttle Challenger disaster 1986) • September 3Don Brewer, American drummer (Grand Funk Railroad) • Levy Mwanawasa, Zambian president (d. 2008) • September 4Michael Berryman, American actor • September 5Benita Ferrero-Waldner, Austrian diplomat, politician • September 6Sam Hui, Hong Kong singer • September 7Susan Blakely, American actress • Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, ruler of Abu Dhabi (d. 2022) • September 8The Great Kabuki, Japanese professional wrestler • September 10Judy Geeson, English actress • Bob Lanier, American basketball player (d. 2022) • Margaret Trudeau (b. Margaret Sinclair), wife and mother of Prime Ministers of Canada • Charlie Waters, American football player • September 11John Martyn (b. Iain McGeachy), British folk-rock guitarist (d. 2009) • September 12Mah Bow Tan, Singaporean politician • September 13Nell Carter, African-American singer, actress (Gimme a Break!) (d. 2003) • Sitiveni Rabuka, 3rd Prime Minister of Fiji • Kathleen Lloyd, American actress • September 16Ron Blair, American rock bassist (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers) • September 17Aidan Nichols, English Dominican priest and academic • John Ritter, American actor (''Three's Company'') (d. 2003) • September 18Jean-Louis Pichon, French actor • September 19Jeremy Irons, English actor • Nadiya Tkachenko, Soviet pentathlete • September 20Rey Langit, Filipino journalist, radio host • George R. R. Martin, American speculative fiction author • September 22Denis Burke, Australian politician • Jim Byrnes, American voice actor, blues musician and actor • Mark Phillips, British army captain, equestrian and first husband of Anne, Princess RoyalSeptember 23José Lavat, Mexican voice actor (d. 2018) • September 24Phil Hartman, Canadian actor, comedian (Saturday Night Live) (d. 1998) • September 25Cäcilia Rentmeister, German art historian, gender researcher • Vasile Șirli, Romanian musical composer and producer • Vladimir Yevtushenkov, Russian oligarchSeptember 26Maurizio Gucci, Italian businessman, murder victim (d. 1995) • Olivia Newton-John, English-born Australian singer, actress (d. 2022) • Vladimír Remek, Czech politician and cosmonaut • September 27Michele Dotrice, English actress • A Martinez, American actor, singer • September 29Mark Farner, American rock guitarist, singer (Grand Funk Railroad) • Bryant Gumbel, African-American television broadcaster (The Today Show) • Theo Jörgensmann, German jazz clarinetist (d. 2025) OctoberOctober 1Mark Landon, American actor (d. 2009) • Sir Peter Blake, New Zealand yachtsman (d. 2001) • October 2Avery Brooks, American actor, musician • Persis Khambatta, Indian actress, model (Star Trek: The Motion Picture) (d. 1998) • Chris LeDoux, American singer, rodeo star (d. 2005) • Donna Karan, American fashion designer • October 4Meg Bennett, American soap opera writer • Iain Hewitson, New Zealand-Australian chef, restaurateur, author and television personality • October 5Russell Mael, American singer (Sparks) • October 6Wendell Ladner, American basketball player (d. 1975) • Gerry Adams, Northern Irish politician • October 7Diane Ackerman, American poet, essayist • October 8Johnny Ramone, American guitarist (Ramones) (d. 2004) • Baldwin Spencer, 3rd Prime Minister of Antigua and BarbudaOctober 9Jackson Browne, American rock musician ("Running on Empty") • Ciarán Carson, Northern Irish poet, novelist • Oliver Hart, English-born economist, Nobel Prize laureate • October 11Margie Alexander, American gospel, soul singer (d. 2013) • Cynthia Clawson, American gospel singer • October 12Rick Parfitt, English musician (Status Quo) (d. 2016) • Stephen Shepich, American politician and former member of the Michigan House of Representatives in 1993 and 1994 (d. 2013) • October 13John Ford Coley, American rock musician ("I'd Really Love to See You Tonight") • Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Pakistani musician (d. 1997) • October 14Engin Arık, Turkish nuclear physicist (d. 2007) • David Ruprecht, American actor, writer (Supermarket Sweep) • October 15Renato Corona, Filipino jurist, lawyer (d. 2016) • Chris de Burgh, born Christopher Davison, Argentine-born Anglo-Irish singer, songwriter • October 16Leo Mazzone, American baseball coach • Hema Malini, Indian actress, writer, director, producer, dancer and politician • October 17Robert Jordan, American novelist (d. 2007) • Margot Kidder, Canadian actress (Superman) (d. 2018) • Akira Kushida, Japanese singer • Ng Jui Ping, Singaporean entrepreneur, previously army general (d. 2020) • George Wendt, American actor (Cheers) (d. 2025) • October 18Hans Köchler, Austrian philosopher • Ntozake Shange, African-American playwright and poet (d. 2018) • October 19Patrick Simmons, American musician (The Doobie Brothers) • October 21Tom Everett, American actor • Allen Vigneron, Roman Catholic Archbishop of DetroitOctober 22Lynette Fromme, American attempted assassin of Gerald FordDebbie Macomber, American author • October 23 – Sir Gerry Robinson, Irish-born British businessman (d. 2021) • October 25Dave Cowens, American basketball player, coach • Dan Gable, American wrestler, coach • Dan Issel, American basketball player and coach • October 26Toby Harrah, American baseball player • October 28Telma Hopkins, African-American actress, singer (Tony Orlando and Dawn) • October 29Giuseppe Chirichiello, Italian economist and university professor • Frans de Waal, Dutch primatologist. (d. 2024) • Kate Jackson, American actress (''Charlie's Angels'') • October 30Garry McDonald, Australian actor, satirist and comedian NovemberNovember 1Anna Stuart, American actress • November 3Lulu (b. Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie), Scottish singer, actress (To Sir, with Love) • November 4Delia Casanova, Mexican actress • Amadou Toumani Touré, 3rd President of Mali (d. 2020) • November 5Charles Bradley, African-American singer (d. 2017) • Bob Barr, American politician • Dallas Holm, American Christian musician • Zacharias Jimenez, Filipino Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2018) • Khalid Ibrahim Khan, Pakistani politician (d. 2018) • William Daniel Phillips, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate • November 6Glenn Frey, American guitarist, singer (Eagles) (d. 2016) • November 7Jim Houghton, American actor and director (d. 2024) • November 9Viktor Matviyenko, Ukrainian footballer, coach (d. 2018) • Luiz Felipe Scolari, Brazilian football player, manager • Kelly Harmon, American actress and model • November 10Mário Viegas, Portuguese actor and poetry reciter (d. 1996) • November 11Vincent Schiavelli, American character actor and food writer (d. 2005) • November 12Skip Campbell, American politician (d. 2018) • Hassan Rouhani, 7th President of IranRichard Roberts, American evangelist, son of Oral RobertsNovember 13Humayun Ahmed, Bengali-language writer • Lockwood Smith, New Zealand politician • November 14 • King Charles III of the United Kingdom • Robert Ginty, American actor, producer, screenwriter and director (d. 2009) • Dee Wallace, American actress • November 15James Kemsley, Australian cartoonist, actor (d. 2007) • November 16Chi Coltrane, American musician (Thunder and Lightning) • Ken James, Australian actor • Mutt Lange, Rhodesian-born record producer • Mate Parlov, Yugoslav Olympic boxer (d. 2008) • November 18Dom Irrera, American actor and stand-up comedian • November 19Rance Allen, African-American gospel singer and preacher (d. 2020) • November 20Harlee McBride, American actress • John R. Bolton, U.S. Ambassador to the U.N., National Security Advisor • Barbara Hendricks, American singer • Richard Masur, American actor, director and president of the Screen Actors Guild • November 21Alphonse Mouzon, American jazz drummer (d. 2016) • Michel Suleiman, President of Lebanon • November 22Saroj Khan, Indian dance choreographer (d. 2020) • November 23Dominique-France Picard (aka Princess Fadila of Egypt), wife of King Fuad II of Egypt and the Sudan • Ron Bouchard, American NASCAR driver (d. 2015) • Gabriele Seyfert, East German figure skater • Bonfoh Abass, Togolese politician and President of Togo (d. 2021) • November 24Joe Howard, American actor • November 25Antoine Sfeir, Franco-Lebanese journalist, professor (d. 2018) • November 26Elizabeth Blackburn, Australian-American biologist, winner of Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineGayle McCormick, American singer (Smith) (d. 2016) • Marianne Muellerleile, American actress • November 28Agnieszka Holland, Polish film, television director and screenwriter DecemberDecember 2T. Coraghessan Boyle, American fiction writer • Rajat Gupta, Indian-American businessman • Patricia Hewitt, British Labour Party politician • Toninho Horta, Brazilian singer, musician • Christine Westermann, German television, radio host, journalist and author • December 3Rick Cua, American singer, evangelist • Ozzy Osbourne, British heavy metal singer (Black Sabbath) (d. 2025) • December 5Saburō Shinoda, Japanese actor (Ultraman Taro) • December 6Keke Rosberg, Finnish Formula One champion • Marius Müller-Westernhagen, German actor, musician • JoBeth Williams, American actress, director • Yoshihide Suga, Prime Minister of JapanDecember 7Gary Morris, American country singer, actor • Tony Thomas, American television and film producer • Mads Vinding, Danish bassist • December 10Abu Abbas, Palestine Liberation Front founder (d. 2004) • December 11Shinji Tanimura, Japanese musician (d. 2023) • Chester Thompson, American rock drummer • December 12Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, 20th President of PortugalDecember 13Lillian Board, South African-born English Olympic athlete (d. 1970) • Ted Nugent, American rock guitarist, singer, conservative political commentator (Cat Scratch Fever) • David O'List, English rock guitarist • December 14Lester Bangs, American music journalist (d. 1982) • Kim Beazley, Australian politician • Dee Wallace, American actress • December 15Melanie Chartoff, American actress and singer (Rugrats) • Charlie Scott, American basketball player • December 18Edmund Kemper, American serial killer • December 19Ken Brown, Canadian ice hockey player • December 20Orchidea De Santis, Italian actress • Abdulrazak Gurnah, Zanzibar-born novelist, Nobel Prize laureate • Alan Parsons, English songwriter, musician and record producer • December 21Samuel L. Jackson, American actor, film producer • Willi Resetarits, Austrian musician, cabaret artist • December 22Noel Edmonds, English TV presenter, DJ • Steve Garvey, American baseball player • Flip Mark, American child actor • Lynne Thigpen, American actress (Godspell) (d. 2003) • December 23Jim Ferguson, American guitarist, composer, educator, author and music journalist • December 25Alia Al-Hussein, queen consort of Jordan (d. 1977) • Barbara Mandrell, American country singer, musician and actress • December 27Ronnie Caldwell, American soul music, rhythm and blues musician (d. 1967) • Gérard Depardieu, French actor • December 28Mary Weiss, American pop singer (The Shangri-Las) (d. 2024) • December 29Peter Robinson, Northern Ireland First Minister • December 31Stephen Cleobury, English choral conductor (d. 2019) • Joe Dallesandro, American model, actor • Sandy Jardine, Scottish professional footballer, playing for Rangers and Hearts and representing Scotland (d. 2014) • Donna Summer, African-American singer, actress (Love to Love You Baby) (d. 2012) ==Deaths==
Deaths
JanuaryJanuary 1Edna May, American actress (b. 1878) • January 2Vicente Huidobro, Chilean poet (b. 1893) • January 4Anna Kallina, Austrian actress (b. 1874) • Norman Dawe, Canadian sports executive (b. 1898) • January 5Mary Dimmick Harrison, wife of President Benjamin Harrison (b. 1858) • January 7Charles C. Wilson, American actor (b. 1894) • Maria de Maeztu Whitney, Spanish educator, feminist (b. 1882) • January 8Edward Stanley Kellogg, 16th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1870) • Charles Magnusson, Swedish producer, screenwriter (b. 1878) • Kurt Schwitters, German artist (b. 1887) • Richard Tauber, Austrian tenor (b. 1891) • January 12Herbert Allen Farmer, American criminal (b. 1891) • January 15Josephus Daniels, American diplomat and newspaper editor (b. 1862) • January 19Tony Garnier, French architect (b. 1869) • January 21Eliza Moore, last person born into slavery in the United States (b. 1843) • Naomasa Sakonju, Japanese admiral and war criminal (executed) (b. 1890) • Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, Italian composer (b. 1876) • January 24Bill Cody, American actor (b. 1891) • Maria Mandl, Austrian concentration camp guard and war criminal (executed) (b. 1912) • January 26Georg Bruchmüller, German artillery officer (b. 1863) • John Lomax, American musicologist and folklorist (b. 1867) • January 28Therese Brandl, German concentration camp guard and war criminal (executed) (b. 1902) • Anna Maria Gove, American physician (b. 1867) • January 29 – King Tomislav II of Croatia (b. 1900) • January 30Sir Arthur Coningham, British air force air marshal (disappeared) (b. 1895) • Mahatma Gandhi, Leader of Indian independence movement, (assassinated) (b. 1869) • Orville Wright, American co-inventor of the airplane (b. 1871) FebruaryFebruary 2Thomas W. Lamont, American banker (b. 1870) • Bevil Rudd, South African athlete (b. 1894) • February 4Otto Praeger, American postal official, implemented U.S. Airmail (b. 1871) • Edward Stanley, British politician (b. 1865) • February 5Johannes Blaskowitz, German general (b. 1883) • February 8Samuel P. Bush, American businessman, industrialist (b. 1863) • February 9Karl Valentin, German actor (b. 1882) • February 11Sergei Eisenstein, Soviet film director (b. 1898) • Sir Isaac Isaacs, 9th Governor-General of Australia (b. 1855) • February 13Pietro d'Acquarone, Italian soldier, entrepreneur and politician (b. 1890) • February 15Subhadra Kumari Chauhan, Indian poet (b. 1904) • February 23John Robert Gregg, Irish-born inventor of shorthand (b. 1867) • February 25Alfredo Baldomir, Uruguayan politician, soldier, architect, 27th President of Uruguay and World War II leader (b. 1884) • Alexander du Toit, South African geologist (b. 1878) • Juan Esteban Montero, Chilean political figure, 20th President of Chile (b. 1879) • February 26John B. Creeden, American Catholic priest and Jesuit (b. 1871) • February 27Patriarch Nicodim of Romania (b. 1864). MarchMarch 4Antonin Artaud, French playwright, actor and director (b. 1896) • Elsa Brändström, Swedish nurse (b. 1888) • March 9Edgar de Wahl, Estonian educator and inventor of Interlingue (b. 1867) • March 10Zelda Fitzgerald, American wife of F. Scott Fitzgerald (b. 1900) • Jan Masaryk, Czechoslovakian Foreign Minister (b. 1886) • March 16León S. Morra, Argentine physician and university professor (b. 1882) • March 23George Milne, 1st Baron Milne, British field marshal (b. 1866) • Eddy Chandler, American actor (b. 1894) • March 24Nikolai Berdyaev, Soviet religious leader, political philosopher (b. 1874) • Paolo Thaon di Revel, Italian admiral (b. 1859) • March 25Joseph M. Reeves, American admiral (b. 1872) • March 29Harry Price, English psychic researcher (b. 1881) • March 31Egon Erwin Kisch, Austrian journalist, author (b. 1885) AprilApril 2Biagio Biagetti, Italian painter (b. 1877) • Sawan Singh, Indian saint known as "The Great Master" (b. 1858) • April 5Angelo Joseph Rossi, American political figure, Mayor of San Francisco (b. 1878) • Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, American socialite and philanthropist (b. 1874) • April 7Isabel Andreu de Aguilar, Puerto Rican writer, educator, philanthropist and activist (b. 1887) • April 8Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, Palestinian Arab nationalist (b. 1907) • April 9Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Colombian politician (assassinated) (b. 1903) • April 14W. H. Ellis, American attorney and politician (b. 1867) • April 15Radola Gajda, Czech military commander and politician (b. 1892) • Manuel Roxas, Filipino statesman, 5th President of the Philippines (b. 1892) • April 17Kantarō Suzuki, Japanese admiral, 42nd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1868) • April 19Mikhail Rostovtsev, Soviet actor (b. 1872) • April 20Mitsumasa Yonai, Japanese admiral and politician, 37th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1880) • April 21Carlos López Buchardo, Argentine composer (b. 1881) • Aldo Leopold, American conservationist (b. 1887) • April 22Prosper Montagné, French chef and author (b. 1865) • April 24Manuel Ponce, Mexican composer (b. 1882) • April 25Gerardo Matos Rodriguez, Uruguayan composer, journalist and pianist (b. 1897) • April 30Alfredo Miguel Aguayo Sánchez, Puerto Rican educator, writer (b. 1866) MayMay 9Viola Allen, American actress (b. 1867) • May 11Ed Ricketts, American marine biologist (b. 1897) • May 13Milan Begović, Yugoslavian writer (b. 1876) • Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington (b. 1920) • May 15André Dauchez, French painter (b. 1870) • Father Edward J. Flanagan, Irish-born American Roman Catholic priest, founder of Boys Town and monsignor (b. 1886) • Toyoaki Horiuchi, Japanese general, Class B war criminal suspect (executed) (b. 1900) • May 16Muhammad Habibullah, Indian politician (b. 1869) • May 18Francisco Alonso, Spanish composer (b. 1887) • Mary Hayes Davis, American writer and newspaper publisher (b. c.1884) • May 19Maximilian Lenz, Austrian painter and sculptor (b. 1860) • May 20George Beurling, Canadian fighter pilot and flying ace (b. 1921) • May 21Jacques Feyder, French filmmaker (b. 1885) • May 22Claude McKay, Jamaican-born American writer and poet (b. 1889) • May 25Witold Pilecki, Polish resistance leader (executed) (b. 1901) • May 26Émile Gaston Chassinat, French egyptologist (b. 1868) • May 28Unity Mitford, British socialite; friend of Adolf Hitler (b. 1914) • May 29 – Dame May Whitty, British actress (b. 1865) • May 30József Klekl, Slovene politician in Hungary (b. 1874) JuneJune 1José Vianna da Motta, Portuguese pianist, teacher and composer (b. 1868) • June 2Viktor Brack, German doctor (executed) (b. 1904) • Karl Brandt, German S.S. officer (executed) (b. 1904) • Rudolf Brandt, German S.S. officer (executed) (b. 1909) • Karl Gebhardt, German S.S. officer (executed) (b. 1897) • Waldemar Hoven, German S.S. officer (executed) (b. 1903) • Joachim Mrugowsky, German S.S. officer (executed) (b. 1905) • Wolfram Sievers, German S.S. officer (executed) (b. 1905) • June 6Louis Lumière, French film pioneer (b. 1864) • June 8Giacomo Albanese, Italian mathematician (b. 1890) • June 13Osamu Dazai, Japanese writer (b. 1909) • Jim McCairns, English pilot with the Royal Air Force (b. 1919) • June 14Gertrude Atherton, American author (b. 1857) • June 16Eugênia Álvaro Moreyra, Brazilian journalist, actress and director (b. 1898) • June 19Adolphus Andrews, American Navy admiral (b. 1879) • June 25Bento de Jesus Caraça, Portuguese mathematician, economist and statistician (b. 1901) • June 26Nasib al-Bitar, Palestine jurist (b. 1890) • Lilian Velez, Filipino actress (murdered) (b. 1924) • June 30Prince Sabahaddin (b. 1879) JulyJuly 1Assunta Marchetti, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed • July 4Albert Bates, American criminal (b. 1893) • Monteiro Lobato, Brazilian writer (b. 1882) • July 5Georges Bernanos, French writer (b. 1888) • Charles Fillmore, American Protestant mystic (b. 1854) • Carole Landis, American actress (b. 1919) • María de la Ossa de Amador, First Lady of Panama (b.1855) • July 9Alcibiades Diamandi, Greek political figure (b. 1893) • July 11King Baggot, American actor (b. 1879) • Franz Weidenreich, German anatomist, physical anthropologist (b. 1873) • July 14Harry Brearley, British inventor of stainless steel (b. 1871) • Marguerite Moreno, French actress (b. 1871) • July 15John J. Pershing, American general (b. 1860) • July 17Ildebrando Zacchini, Maltese painter, inventor and traveller (b. 1868) • July 18Baldassarre Negroni, Italian director, screenwriter (b. 1877) • July 21Arshile Gorky, Soviet-born American painter (b. 1904) • July 22Sud Mennucci, Brazilian journalist, educator (b. 1882) • July 23D. W. Griffith, American film director (The Birth of a Nation) (b. 1875) • July 24Pencho Zlatev, Bulgarian general, 25th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1881) • July 26Antonin Sertillanges, French Catholic philosopher, spiritual writer (b. 1863) • July 27Joe Tinker, American baseball player, MLB Hall of Fame member (b. 1880) • July 28Susan Glaspell, American playwright (b. 1876) • July 30Sophonisba Breckinridge, American lawyer, reformer, social scientist and activist (b. 1866) • July 31Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd, mistress of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (b. 1891) AugustAugust 3Tommy Ryan, American boxing champion (b. 1870) • August 4Mileva Marić, Serbian physicist and mathematician, wife of Albert Einstein (b. 1875) • August 7Charles Bryant, American actor (b. 1879) • August 10Andrew Brown, Scottish soccer coach (b. 1870) • Montague Summers, English writer (b. 1880) • August 11Kan'ichi Asakawa, Japanese historian (b. 1873) • August 13Edwin Maxwell, Irish actor (b. 1886) • August 16Babe Ruth, American baseball player (New York Yankees), MLB Hall of Fame member (b. 1895) • August 26George Anderson, American actor (b. 1886) • August 27Cissie Cahalan, Irish trade union, feminist and suffragette (b. 1876) • Charles Evans Hughes, 11th Chief Justice of the United States, 1916 Republican presidential candidate (b. 1862) • August 30Kristine Bonnevie, Norwegian biologist and politician (b. 1872) • August 31Andrei Zhdanov, Soviet politician (b. 1896) SeptemberSeptember 1Feng Yuxiang, Chinese warlord and general (b. 1882) • Moncef Bey, ruler of Tunisia (1942–43) (b. 1881) • Charles A. Beard, American historian (b. 1874) • September 2Sylvanus Morley, American scholar, World War I spy (b. 1883) • September 3Edvard Beneš, Czechoslovakian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia and 2-time President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1884) • September 5Richard C. Tolman, American mathematical physicist (b. 1881) • September 7André Suarès, French poet, critic (b. 1868) • September 10 – Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria (b. 1861) • September 11Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder, first Governor General of Pakistan (b. 1876) • September 12Rupert D'Oyly Carte, British hotelier, theatre owner and impresario (b. 1876) • Carlo Servolini, Italian artist (b. 1876) • September 13Paul Wegener, German actor, film director and screenwriter, a pioneer of German Expressionism (b. 1874) • September 17Ruth Benedict, American anthropologist, folklorist (b. 1887) • Folke Bernadotte, Swedish diplomat (assassinated) (b. 1895) • Emil Ludwig, German-born Swiss historian, biographer (b. 1881) • Raffaele Rossi, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, eminence and servant of God (b. 1876) • September 20Husain Salaahuddin, Maldivian writer (b. 1881) • September 22Prince Adalbert of Prussia (b. 1884) • Florence Merriam Bailey, American ornithologist, birdwatcher, and writer (b. 1863) • September 24Warren William, American actor (b. 1894) • September 26Gregg Toland, American cinematographer (b. 1904) • September 27Frank Cellier, British actor (b. 1884) • September 30Vasily Kachalov, Soviet actor (b. 1875) • Edith Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States (b. 1861) OctoberOctober 1Francisco Rodrigues da Cruz, Portuguese priest (b. 1859) • Phraya Manopakorn Nititada, 1st Prime Minister of Siam (b. 1884) • October 2Simon de Graaff, Dutch civil servant, politician (b. 1866) • October 9Edmund Anscombe, New Zealand architect (b. 1874) • October 12Susan Sutherland Isaacs, English educational psychologist and psychoanalyst (b. 1885) • October 13Samuel S. Hinds, American actor (b. 1875) • October 14Dale Fuller, American actress (b. 1885) • October 15Edythe Chapman, American actress (b. 1863) • October 16Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein, German general (b. 1870) • October 18Walther von Brauchitsch, German field marshal (b. 1881) • October 21Elissa Landi, Italian actress (b. 1904) • Irving T. Bush, American industrialist (b. 1869) • October 24Franz Lehár, Hungarian composer (b. 1870) • October 31Mary Nolan, American actress (b. 1902) NovemberNovember 4Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield, British-born American businessman (b. 1874) • Filippo Perlo, Italian Roman Catholic prelate and missionary (b. 1873) • November 7David Leland, American actor (b. 1932) • November 8Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria (b. 1874) • November 9Edgar Kennedy, American actor (b. 1890) • November 10Julius Curtius, German politician, diplomat (b. 1877) • Jack Nelson, American actor, director (b. 1882) • Mikhail Andreyev, Russian ethnographer and linguist (b. 1873) • November 11Fred Niblo, American film director (b. 1874) • Noel Pemberton Billing, British aviator, inventor, publisher and MP (d. 1881) • November 12Umberto Giordano, Italian composer (b. 1867) • November 17Oerip Soemohardjo, Indonesian general (b. 1893) • November 20Robert Mallard, African-American lynching victim (b. 1918) • November 21Béla Miklós, Hungarian military officer, politician and 38th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1890) • November 23Hack Wilson, American baseball player (Chicago Cubs), MLB Hall of Fame member (b. 1900) • Uzeyir Hajibeyov, Azerbaijani composer, musicologist and teacher (b. 1885) • November 27Jack Delaney, Canadian boxer (b. 1900) • November 28D. D. Sheehan, Irish politician (b. 1873) • November 29Maria Koppenhöfer, German actress (b. 1901) • Roberto Omegna, Italian cinematographer, director (b. 1876) • November 30Franco Vittadini, Italian composer (b. 1884) DecemberDecember 3Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr, South African politician (b. 1894) • Luis Orrego Luco, Chilean politician, lawyer, novelist and diplomat (b. 1866) • Chano Pozo, Cuban percussionist (b. 1915) • December 8Matthew Charlton, Australian politician (b. 1866) • December 10Na Hyesŏk, Korean feminist, painter, and writer (b. 1896) • December 12Templeton Crocker, American patron and collector (b. 1884) • December 15João Tamagnini Barbosa, Portuguese military officer, politician and 69th Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1883) • December 19Amir Sjarifuddin, Indonesian politician, journalist, and second prime minister of Indonesia (b. 1907) • December 20C. Aubrey Smith, British actor (b. 1863) • December 21Władysław Witwicki, Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator, historian (of philosophy and art) and artist (b. 1878) • December 23 – Japanese war leaders (hanged): • Kenji Doihara, general (b. 1883) • Kōki Hirota, diplomat and politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1878) • Seishirō Itagaki, military officer (b. 1885) • Heitarō Kimura, general (b. 1888) • Iwane Matsui, general (b. 1878) • Akira Mutō, general (b. 1892) • Hideki Tojo, general, 40th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1884) • December 26John Westley, American actor (b. 1878) • Milagros Benet de Mewton, Puerto Rican teacher and suffragist (b. 1868) • December 28Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari, Indian civil servant, politician (b. 1894) • Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha, Egyptian political figure, 27th Prime Minister of Egypt (assassinated) (b. 1888) • December 30George Ault, American painter (b. 1891) • Denton Welch, English author and painter (b. 1915) • December 31Sir Malcolm Campbell, English land, water racer (b. 1885) Date Unknown Frederick J. Bacon, American musician (b. 1871) ==Nobel Prizes==
Nobel Prizes
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